RNSG 1513 Foundations of Nursing Exam 2 2025
NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE 285 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ BRAND
NEW!!
A 32-year-old female is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) for Raynaud's phenomenon. To
evaluate the patient's expected response to this medication, what is most important for
the nurse to assess?
Improved skin turgor
Decreased cardiac rate
Improved finger perfusion
Decreased mean arterial pressure - CORRECT ANSWER: Improved finger perfusion
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous
arteries, most frequently involving the fingers and toes. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is a
calcium channel blocker that relaxes smooth muscles of the arterioles by blocking the
influx of calcium into the cells, thus reducing the frequency and severity of vasospastic
attacks. Perfusion to the fingertips is improved and vasospastic attacks reduced.
Diltiazem may decrease heart rate and blood pressure, but that is not the purpose in
Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin turgor is most often a reflection of hydration status.
A 39-year-old woman with a history of smoking and oral contraceptive use is admitted
with a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prescribed unfractionated heparin. What
laboratory test should the nurse review to evaluate the expected effect of the heparin?
Platelet count
Activated clotting time (ACT)
International normalized ratio (INR)
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) - CORRECT ANSWER: Activated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT)
,Unfractionated heparin can be given by continuous IV for VTE treatment. When given
IV, heparin requires frequent laboratory monitoring of clotting status as measured by
activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Platelet counts can decrease as an
adverse reaction to heparin, but that is not the expected effect.
A 40-year-old man tells the nurse he has a diagnosis for the color and temperature
changes of his limbs but can't remember the name of it. He says he must stop smoking
and avoid trauma and exposure of his limbs to cold temperatures to get better. This
description should allow the nurse to ask the patient if he has which diagnosis?
Buerger's disease
Venous thrombosis
Acute arterial ischemia
Raynaud's phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER: Buerger's disease
Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent inflammatory disorder of
small and medium-sized veins and arteries of upper and lower extremities leading to
color and temperature changes of the limbs, intermittent claudication, rest pain, and
ischemic ulcerations. It primarily occurs in men younger than 45 years old with a long
history of tobacco and/or marijuana use. Buerger's disease treatment includes smoking
cessation, trauma and cold temperature avoidance, and a walking program. Venous
thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus in association with inflammation of the vein.
Acute arterial ischemia is a sudden interruption in arterial blood flow to a tissue caused
by embolism, thrombosis, or trauma. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by
vasospasm-induced color changes of the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
A 44-year-old man is diagnosed with hypertension and receives a prescription for
benazepril (Lotensin). After the nurse teaches him about the medication, which
statement by the patient indicates his correct understanding?
"If I take this medication, I will not need to follow a special diet."
"It is normal to have some swelling in my face while taking this medication."
"I will need to eat foods such as bananas and potatoes that are high in potassium."
, "If I develop a dry cough while taking this medication, I should notify my doctor." -
CORRECT ANSWER: "If I develop a dry cough while taking this medication, I should
notify my doctor."
Benazepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The medication inhibits
breakdown of bradykinin, which may cause a dry, hacking cough. Other adverse effects
include hyperkalemia. Swelling in the face could indicate angioedema and should be
reported immediately to the prescriber. Patients taking drug therapy for hypertension
should also attempt lifestyle modifications to lower blood pressure such as a reduced-
sodium diet.
A 54-year-old male patient who had bladder surgery 2 days ago develops acute
decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with severe dyspnea. Which action by the nurse
would be indicated first?
Perform a bladder scan to assess for urinary retention.
Restrict the patient's oral fluid intake to 500 mL per day.
Assist the patient to a sitting position with arms on the overbed table.
Instruct the patient to use pursed-lip breathing until the dyspnea subsides. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Assist the patient to a sitting position with arms on the overbed table.
The nurse should place the patient with ADHF in a high Fowler's position with the feet
horizontal in the bed or dangling at the bedside. This position helps decrease venous
return because of the pooling of blood in the extremities. This position also increases
the thoracic capacity, allowing for improved ventilation. Pursed-lip breathing helps with
obstructive air trapping but not with acute pulmonary edema. Restricting fluids takes
considerable time to have an effect.
A 6-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric unit with chills and a fever of 104°F (40°C).
What physiological process explains why the child is at risk for developing dyspnea?
Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.
Blood glucose stores are depleted, and the cells do not have energy to use oxygen.
Carbon dioxide production increases as result of hyperventilation.
, Carbon dioxide production decreases as a result of hypoventilation. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.
When the body cannot meet the increased oxygenation need, the increased metabolic
rate causes breakdown of protein and wasting of respiratory muscles, increasing the
work of breathing.
A 62-year-old Hispanic male patient with diabetes mellitus has been diagnosed with
peripheral artery disease (PAD). The patient is a smoker and has a history of gout. What
should the nurse focus her teaching on to prevent complications for this patient?
Gender
Smoking
Ethnicity
Co-morbidities - CORRECT ANSWER: Smoking
Smoking is the most significant factor for this patient. PAD is a marker of advanced
systemic atherosclerosis. Therefore tobacco cessation is essential to reduce PAD
progression, CVD events, and mortality. Diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia are also
risk factors. Being male or Hispanic are not risk factors for PAD.
A 67-year-old man with peripheral artery disease is seen in the primary care clinic.
Which symptom reported by the patient would indicate to the nurse that the patient is
experiencing intermittent claudication?
Patient complains of chest pain with strenuous activity.
Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Patient has numbness and tingling of all his toes and both feet.
Patient states the feet become red if he puts them in a dependent position. -
CORRECT ANSWER: Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Intermittent claudication is an ischemic muscle ache or pain that is precipitated by a
consistent level of exercise, resolves within 10 minutes or less with rest, and is
NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE 285 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ BRAND
NEW!!
A 32-year-old female is prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) for Raynaud's phenomenon. To
evaluate the patient's expected response to this medication, what is most important for
the nurse to assess?
Improved skin turgor
Decreased cardiac rate
Improved finger perfusion
Decreased mean arterial pressure - CORRECT ANSWER: Improved finger perfusion
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous
arteries, most frequently involving the fingers and toes. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is a
calcium channel blocker that relaxes smooth muscles of the arterioles by blocking the
influx of calcium into the cells, thus reducing the frequency and severity of vasospastic
attacks. Perfusion to the fingertips is improved and vasospastic attacks reduced.
Diltiazem may decrease heart rate and blood pressure, but that is not the purpose in
Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin turgor is most often a reflection of hydration status.
A 39-year-old woman with a history of smoking and oral contraceptive use is admitted
with a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prescribed unfractionated heparin. What
laboratory test should the nurse review to evaluate the expected effect of the heparin?
Platelet count
Activated clotting time (ACT)
International normalized ratio (INR)
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) - CORRECT ANSWER: Activated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT)
,Unfractionated heparin can be given by continuous IV for VTE treatment. When given
IV, heparin requires frequent laboratory monitoring of clotting status as measured by
activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Platelet counts can decrease as an
adverse reaction to heparin, but that is not the expected effect.
A 40-year-old man tells the nurse he has a diagnosis for the color and temperature
changes of his limbs but can't remember the name of it. He says he must stop smoking
and avoid trauma and exposure of his limbs to cold temperatures to get better. This
description should allow the nurse to ask the patient if he has which diagnosis?
Buerger's disease
Venous thrombosis
Acute arterial ischemia
Raynaud's phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER: Buerger's disease
Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent inflammatory disorder of
small and medium-sized veins and arteries of upper and lower extremities leading to
color and temperature changes of the limbs, intermittent claudication, rest pain, and
ischemic ulcerations. It primarily occurs in men younger than 45 years old with a long
history of tobacco and/or marijuana use. Buerger's disease treatment includes smoking
cessation, trauma and cold temperature avoidance, and a walking program. Venous
thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus in association with inflammation of the vein.
Acute arterial ischemia is a sudden interruption in arterial blood flow to a tissue caused
by embolism, thrombosis, or trauma. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by
vasospasm-induced color changes of the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
A 44-year-old man is diagnosed with hypertension and receives a prescription for
benazepril (Lotensin). After the nurse teaches him about the medication, which
statement by the patient indicates his correct understanding?
"If I take this medication, I will not need to follow a special diet."
"It is normal to have some swelling in my face while taking this medication."
"I will need to eat foods such as bananas and potatoes that are high in potassium."
, "If I develop a dry cough while taking this medication, I should notify my doctor." -
CORRECT ANSWER: "If I develop a dry cough while taking this medication, I should
notify my doctor."
Benazepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The medication inhibits
breakdown of bradykinin, which may cause a dry, hacking cough. Other adverse effects
include hyperkalemia. Swelling in the face could indicate angioedema and should be
reported immediately to the prescriber. Patients taking drug therapy for hypertension
should also attempt lifestyle modifications to lower blood pressure such as a reduced-
sodium diet.
A 54-year-old male patient who had bladder surgery 2 days ago develops acute
decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with severe dyspnea. Which action by the nurse
would be indicated first?
Perform a bladder scan to assess for urinary retention.
Restrict the patient's oral fluid intake to 500 mL per day.
Assist the patient to a sitting position with arms on the overbed table.
Instruct the patient to use pursed-lip breathing until the dyspnea subsides. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Assist the patient to a sitting position with arms on the overbed table.
The nurse should place the patient with ADHF in a high Fowler's position with the feet
horizontal in the bed or dangling at the bedside. This position helps decrease venous
return because of the pooling of blood in the extremities. This position also increases
the thoracic capacity, allowing for improved ventilation. Pursed-lip breathing helps with
obstructive air trapping but not with acute pulmonary edema. Restricting fluids takes
considerable time to have an effect.
A 6-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric unit with chills and a fever of 104°F (40°C).
What physiological process explains why the child is at risk for developing dyspnea?
Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.
Blood glucose stores are depleted, and the cells do not have energy to use oxygen.
Carbon dioxide production increases as result of hyperventilation.
, Carbon dioxide production decreases as a result of hypoventilation. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.
When the body cannot meet the increased oxygenation need, the increased metabolic
rate causes breakdown of protein and wasting of respiratory muscles, increasing the
work of breathing.
A 62-year-old Hispanic male patient with diabetes mellitus has been diagnosed with
peripheral artery disease (PAD). The patient is a smoker and has a history of gout. What
should the nurse focus her teaching on to prevent complications for this patient?
Gender
Smoking
Ethnicity
Co-morbidities - CORRECT ANSWER: Smoking
Smoking is the most significant factor for this patient. PAD is a marker of advanced
systemic atherosclerosis. Therefore tobacco cessation is essential to reduce PAD
progression, CVD events, and mortality. Diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia are also
risk factors. Being male or Hispanic are not risk factors for PAD.
A 67-year-old man with peripheral artery disease is seen in the primary care clinic.
Which symptom reported by the patient would indicate to the nurse that the patient is
experiencing intermittent claudication?
Patient complains of chest pain with strenuous activity.
Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Patient has numbness and tingling of all his toes and both feet.
Patient states the feet become red if he puts them in a dependent position. -
CORRECT ANSWER: Patient says muscle leg pain occurs with continued exercise.
Intermittent claudication is an ischemic muscle ache or pain that is precipitated by a
consistent level of exercise, resolves within 10 minutes or less with rest, and is
