N300 EXAM 1 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
What factors influence personal hygiene (8) - ANS 1. social practices
-peers, living conditions, resources
2. personal preferences
-how/when to perform hygiene, shower vs bathe, products
3. body image
4. socioeconomic status
5. health benefits and motivation
-how pt perceives benefit of hygiene
-willingness to change
-personal risk
6. cultural variables
-culture, religion, personal values
7. developmental stage
-neonates have thin skin vs adults/adolescents use antiperspirant, elderly adults have drier skin
-mobility issues with caring for feet/nails or mouth in elderly
-hair thinning over time
8. physical condition
-lack of energy or dexterity
-pain (surgical, arthritis) limiting ROM, tolerance, sedation w meds
-cog def like dementia or stroke causing forgetfulness, agitation etc
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Describe areas you would evaluate in a hygiene assessment (14) - ANS 1. self care pref/ability
2. skin
3. feet & nails
4. oral cavity
5. hair & scalp
6. ears/eyes/nose
7. use of sensory aids
8. hygiene care practices
9. cultural influence
10. risk for hygiene problems
11. possible existing infections
12. recent travel history
13. med hx
14. stressors
What interventions can you conduct when helping a pt with hygiene? - ANS -reduce anxiety
& promote comfort
-assist them in performing it independently when appropriate
-health promotion (education)
-communicate: ask their preferences
-adapt to the pt
-infection prevention (clean to dirty, multiple towels, change water and soap, wear gloves, hand
hygiene, protect and dress open wounds
Describe the chain of infection - ANS 1. Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
2. Reservoir: living things, food, water, organic matter, inanimate surfaces
3. Portal of exit: bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, resp tract, GI tract, reproductive tract,
trans-placental
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, 4. Mode of transmission: direct contact/indirect contact, vehicles, vectors
5. Portal of entry: same routes as exit
6. Host: someone at risk of infection
Describe droplet transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -coughing or
sneezing w/n 6 feet
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-meningitis, pertussis, flu
Describe airborne transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -in droplet
nuclei or evaporated droplets, small particles suspended in air during cough or sneeze &
aerosolized
-private room/negative pressure airflow, N95, HH
-measles, varicella, herpes zoster
Describe contact transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -touching, person
to person
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-MRSA, VRE, Cdiff, scabies
Describe vehicle transmission and examples of diseases - ANS -contaminated items, water,
drugs, blood, food
-ebola
Describe vector transmission and examples of diseases - ANS -external mechanical transfer or
internal transmission (flies, mosquito, flea, tick)
-malaria, lyme disease
Describe the body's natural defenses for infections - ANS -normal flora (good bacteria)
-inflammation
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS 100% PASS
What factors influence personal hygiene (8) - ANS 1. social practices
-peers, living conditions, resources
2. personal preferences
-how/when to perform hygiene, shower vs bathe, products
3. body image
4. socioeconomic status
5. health benefits and motivation
-how pt perceives benefit of hygiene
-willingness to change
-personal risk
6. cultural variables
-culture, religion, personal values
7. developmental stage
-neonates have thin skin vs adults/adolescents use antiperspirant, elderly adults have drier skin
-mobility issues with caring for feet/nails or mouth in elderly
-hair thinning over time
8. physical condition
-lack of energy or dexterity
-pain (surgical, arthritis) limiting ROM, tolerance, sedation w meds
-cog def like dementia or stroke causing forgetfulness, agitation etc
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Describe areas you would evaluate in a hygiene assessment (14) - ANS 1. self care pref/ability
2. skin
3. feet & nails
4. oral cavity
5. hair & scalp
6. ears/eyes/nose
7. use of sensory aids
8. hygiene care practices
9. cultural influence
10. risk for hygiene problems
11. possible existing infections
12. recent travel history
13. med hx
14. stressors
What interventions can you conduct when helping a pt with hygiene? - ANS -reduce anxiety
& promote comfort
-assist them in performing it independently when appropriate
-health promotion (education)
-communicate: ask their preferences
-adapt to the pt
-infection prevention (clean to dirty, multiple towels, change water and soap, wear gloves, hand
hygiene, protect and dress open wounds
Describe the chain of infection - ANS 1. Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
2. Reservoir: living things, food, water, organic matter, inanimate surfaces
3. Portal of exit: bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, resp tract, GI tract, reproductive tract,
trans-placental
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, 4. Mode of transmission: direct contact/indirect contact, vehicles, vectors
5. Portal of entry: same routes as exit
6. Host: someone at risk of infection
Describe droplet transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -coughing or
sneezing w/n 6 feet
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-meningitis, pertussis, flu
Describe airborne transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -in droplet
nuclei or evaporated droplets, small particles suspended in air during cough or sneeze &
aerosolized
-private room/negative pressure airflow, N95, HH
-measles, varicella, herpes zoster
Describe contact transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - ANS -touching, person
to person
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-MRSA, VRE, Cdiff, scabies
Describe vehicle transmission and examples of diseases - ANS -contaminated items, water,
drugs, blood, food
-ebola
Describe vector transmission and examples of diseases - ANS -external mechanical transfer or
internal transmission (flies, mosquito, flea, tick)
-malaria, lyme disease
Describe the body's natural defenses for infections - ANS -normal flora (good bacteria)
-inflammation
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
