Solutions Manual For Legal
Environment 9th Edition By
Jeffrey Beatty, Susan
Samuelson, Patricia Abril
(All Chapters 1-27, 100%
Original Verified, A+ Grade)
All Chapters Arranged Reverse: 27-1
This is The Only Original and
Complete Solutions Manual
for 9th Edition. All Other Files
in The Market are
Fake/Old/Wrong Edition.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
Solution and Answer Guide
Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental
Law
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Multiple Choice Questions............................................................................................1
Additional Exam Strategy Questions............................................................................2
Case Questions..............................................................................................................3
Discussion Questions....................................................................................................4
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Suppose that you are the manager of a General Motors plant that is about to start producing Buick
Enclaves. The Enclave requires special protective paint that, as it turns out, reacts with other chemicals
during the application process to create a pollutant. What does the CAA require of you?
a. Reduce other emissions from the plant so that the total quantity of pollutants is
b. Provide an analysis showing that the benefits outweigh the costs
c. Provide the EPA with evidence that your plant meets the national ambient air quality standards
d. Obtain a PSD certificate from the EPA
Answer: C
2. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Only the EPA has the authority to regulate GHGs.
b. Only the states have the authority to regulate GHGs.
c. Both the EPA and the states have the authority to regulate GHGs.
d. Neither the EPA nor the states have the authority to regulate GHGs; these gases are governed by
the Paris Accord.
Answer: C
3. Which of the following are a point source requiring a permit under the CWA?
I. Farm fields
II. A waste treatment plant that dumps water into wells that then travels a brief distance through
groundwater to the ocean
III. A canal that collects water and discharges it into an intermittent stream that sometimes flows into a
navigable water
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. II
Answer: D
4. You own property on which hazardous wastes are found. You know the identity of three former owners.
You are:
a. liable for all the costs of the cleanup because you are the current owner.
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
1
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
b. liable for one-quarter of the costs of the cleanup.
c. liable for the percentage of the harm that you are able to show that you actually caused.
d. not liable for any of the costs of the cleanup because the damage occurred before you bought the
land.
Answer: C
5. The Toxic Substances Control Act
a. requires manufacturers to test new chemicals, or old chemicals being used in a new way, for safety
before they can be used in products.
b. requires the EPA to test new chemicals, or old chemicals being used in a new way, before they can
be used in products.
c. does not allow any chemicals to be used in products before the EPA certifies that they are safe.
d. requires the EPA, within seven years, to test all chemicals that are currently being used in
products.
e. permits the EPA to require testing of a chemical only if there is evidence that it is dangerous.
Answer: D
ADDITIONAL EXAM STRATEGY QUESTIONS
1. Astro Circuit Corp. in Lowell, Massachusetts, produced twice as much wastewater as its treatment facility
could handle. Astro’s production supervisor, David Boldt, directed that the surplus be dumped into the city
sewer. Has he violated the law? If so, what penalties might he face?
Strategy: Whenever water is involved, look at the provisions of the CWA.
Solution: Although Boldt was in an unfortunate situation—he could have lost his job if he had
not been willing to dump the industrial waste—he was found guilty of a criminal violation of the
CWA. There are worse things than being fired—such as being fired and sent to prison.
2. In 1963, FMC Corp. purchased a manufacturing plant in Virginia from American Viscose Corp., the owner
of the plant since 1937. During World War II, the government’s War Production Board had commissioned
American Viscose to make rayon for airplanes and truck tires. In 1982, inspections revealed a chemical
used to manufacture this rayon in groundwater near the plant. American Viscose was out of business. Who
is responsible for cleaning up the chemical? Under what statute?
Strategy: Look at the statutes that govern waste disposal.?
Solution: Both FMC and the U.S. government were liable for cleanup under CERCLA.
3. The U.S. Forest Service planned to build a road in the Nez Perce National Forest in Idaho to provide access
to loggers. Is the Forest Service governed by any environmental statutes? Must it seek permission before
building the road?
Strategy: Does a road significantly affect the quality of the environment? Is an EIS required?
Solution: As an agency of the federal government, the Forest Service must prepare an EIS
(under the National Environmental Policy Act) for every action that significantly affects the
quality of the environment. Although the road itself may not have been significant enough to
require an impact statement, its purpose was to provide access for logging, which did require an
EIS.
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
2
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
CASE QUESTIONS
1. Tariq disposed of some of his laboratory’s hazardous chemicals by shipping them via DHL to his home
overseas. What law has Tariq violated?
Solution: Tariq was convicted of transporting hazardous waste in violation of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
2. The Lordship Point Gun Club operated a trap and skeet shooting club in Stratford, Connecticut, for 70
years. During this time, customers deposited millions of pounds of lead shot on land around the club and in
the Long Island Sound. Was the Gun Club in violation of the RCRA?
Solution: The court held that the Gun Club was in violation of the RCRA because it was
disposing of lead shot that was clearly hazardous waste as defined by the statute. It ordered the
Gun Club to clean up the site and to obtain a permit for the operation of a hazardous waste
disposal site. Connecticut Coastal Fishermen’s Assoc. v. Remington Arms Co., 989 F.2d 1305,
1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 6424 (2nd Cir. 1993).
1. The Department of Homeland Security wished to build a large office building on its campus in Washington,
D.C. What environmental step must it take first?
Solution: Homeland Security had to file an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) under the
National Environmental Policy Act.
2. Rundy Custom Homes was building a subdivision of new houses next to a stream. During the building
process, pipes on the property discharged stormwater with sediment into the stream. Is this legal? What
statute applies? Who would be liable? What if the EPA fails to act?
Solution: No, it is not legal. The CWA applies. Rundy would be liable. If the EPA fails to act,
citizens may sue under the CWA.
3. The Navy wanted to conduct training exercises off the coast of California for sonar submarines. Scientists
were concerned that the sounds emitted by the sonar would harm marine mammals, such as whales,
dolphins, and sea lions. Environmental groups filed suit, asking that the Navy prepare an EIS. The Navy
argued that it should not have to do so because the submarine exercises were important for national
security. Should the courts permit the Navy to proceed without an EIS?
Solution: The court ruled that the Navy did not have to file an EIS. The president—the
commander in chief—determined that training with sonar was essential to national security. The
courts do not have enough information to overrule him on national security issues. Winter v.
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7(S.Ct. 2008).
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Life is about choices—and never more so than with the environment. Being completely honest, which of
the following are you willing to do? Why?
Drive a more fuel-efficient car, even if it is more expensive
Take public transportation or ride your bike to work
Vote for political candidates who are willing to impose higher taxes on polluters and pollutants
Insulate your home
Unplug appliances when not in use
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
3
Environment 9th Edition By
Jeffrey Beatty, Susan
Samuelson, Patricia Abril
(All Chapters 1-27, 100%
Original Verified, A+ Grade)
All Chapters Arranged Reverse: 27-1
This is The Only Original and
Complete Solutions Manual
for 9th Edition. All Other Files
in The Market are
Fake/Old/Wrong Edition.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
Solution and Answer Guide
Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental
Law
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Multiple Choice Questions............................................................................................1
Additional Exam Strategy Questions............................................................................2
Case Questions..............................................................................................................3
Discussion Questions....................................................................................................4
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Suppose that you are the manager of a General Motors plant that is about to start producing Buick
Enclaves. The Enclave requires special protective paint that, as it turns out, reacts with other chemicals
during the application process to create a pollutant. What does the CAA require of you?
a. Reduce other emissions from the plant so that the total quantity of pollutants is
b. Provide an analysis showing that the benefits outweigh the costs
c. Provide the EPA with evidence that your plant meets the national ambient air quality standards
d. Obtain a PSD certificate from the EPA
Answer: C
2. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Only the EPA has the authority to regulate GHGs.
b. Only the states have the authority to regulate GHGs.
c. Both the EPA and the states have the authority to regulate GHGs.
d. Neither the EPA nor the states have the authority to regulate GHGs; these gases are governed by
the Paris Accord.
Answer: C
3. Which of the following are a point source requiring a permit under the CWA?
I. Farm fields
II. A waste treatment plant that dumps water into wells that then travels a brief distance through
groundwater to the ocean
III. A canal that collects water and discharges it into an intermittent stream that sometimes flows into a
navigable water
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. II
Answer: D
4. You own property on which hazardous wastes are found. You know the identity of three former owners.
You are:
a. liable for all the costs of the cleanup because you are the current owner.
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
1
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
b. liable for one-quarter of the costs of the cleanup.
c. liable for the percentage of the harm that you are able to show that you actually caused.
d. not liable for any of the costs of the cleanup because the damage occurred before you bought the
land.
Answer: C
5. The Toxic Substances Control Act
a. requires manufacturers to test new chemicals, or old chemicals being used in a new way, for safety
before they can be used in products.
b. requires the EPA to test new chemicals, or old chemicals being used in a new way, before they can
be used in products.
c. does not allow any chemicals to be used in products before the EPA certifies that they are safe.
d. requires the EPA, within seven years, to test all chemicals that are currently being used in
products.
e. permits the EPA to require testing of a chemical only if there is evidence that it is dangerous.
Answer: D
ADDITIONAL EXAM STRATEGY QUESTIONS
1. Astro Circuit Corp. in Lowell, Massachusetts, produced twice as much wastewater as its treatment facility
could handle. Astro’s production supervisor, David Boldt, directed that the surplus be dumped into the city
sewer. Has he violated the law? If so, what penalties might he face?
Strategy: Whenever water is involved, look at the provisions of the CWA.
Solution: Although Boldt was in an unfortunate situation—he could have lost his job if he had
not been willing to dump the industrial waste—he was found guilty of a criminal violation of the
CWA. There are worse things than being fired—such as being fired and sent to prison.
2. In 1963, FMC Corp. purchased a manufacturing plant in Virginia from American Viscose Corp., the owner
of the plant since 1937. During World War II, the government’s War Production Board had commissioned
American Viscose to make rayon for airplanes and truck tires. In 1982, inspections revealed a chemical
used to manufacture this rayon in groundwater near the plant. American Viscose was out of business. Who
is responsible for cleaning up the chemical? Under what statute?
Strategy: Look at the statutes that govern waste disposal.?
Solution: Both FMC and the U.S. government were liable for cleanup under CERCLA.
3. The U.S. Forest Service planned to build a road in the Nez Perce National Forest in Idaho to provide access
to loggers. Is the Forest Service governed by any environmental statutes? Must it seek permission before
building the road?
Strategy: Does a road significantly affect the quality of the environment? Is an EIS required?
Solution: As an agency of the federal government, the Forest Service must prepare an EIS
(under the National Environmental Policy Act) for every action that significantly affects the
quality of the environment. Although the road itself may not have been significant enough to
require an impact statement, its purpose was to provide access for logging, which did require an
EIS.
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
2
, Solution and Answer Guide: Beatty/Samuelson/Abril, Legal Environment, 9e, ©2026, 9798214045504; Chapter 27: Environmental Law
CASE QUESTIONS
1. Tariq disposed of some of his laboratory’s hazardous chemicals by shipping them via DHL to his home
overseas. What law has Tariq violated?
Solution: Tariq was convicted of transporting hazardous waste in violation of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
2. The Lordship Point Gun Club operated a trap and skeet shooting club in Stratford, Connecticut, for 70
years. During this time, customers deposited millions of pounds of lead shot on land around the club and in
the Long Island Sound. Was the Gun Club in violation of the RCRA?
Solution: The court held that the Gun Club was in violation of the RCRA because it was
disposing of lead shot that was clearly hazardous waste as defined by the statute. It ordered the
Gun Club to clean up the site and to obtain a permit for the operation of a hazardous waste
disposal site. Connecticut Coastal Fishermen’s Assoc. v. Remington Arms Co., 989 F.2d 1305,
1993 U.S. App. LEXIS 6424 (2nd Cir. 1993).
1. The Department of Homeland Security wished to build a large office building on its campus in Washington,
D.C. What environmental step must it take first?
Solution: Homeland Security had to file an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) under the
National Environmental Policy Act.
2. Rundy Custom Homes was building a subdivision of new houses next to a stream. During the building
process, pipes on the property discharged stormwater with sediment into the stream. Is this legal? What
statute applies? Who would be liable? What if the EPA fails to act?
Solution: No, it is not legal. The CWA applies. Rundy would be liable. If the EPA fails to act,
citizens may sue under the CWA.
3. The Navy wanted to conduct training exercises off the coast of California for sonar submarines. Scientists
were concerned that the sounds emitted by the sonar would harm marine mammals, such as whales,
dolphins, and sea lions. Environmental groups filed suit, asking that the Navy prepare an EIS. The Navy
argued that it should not have to do so because the submarine exercises were important for national
security. Should the courts permit the Navy to proceed without an EIS?
Solution: The court ruled that the Navy did not have to file an EIS. The president—the
commander in chief—determined that training with sonar was essential to national security. The
courts do not have enough information to overrule him on national security issues. Winter v.
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7(S.Ct. 2008).
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Life is about choices—and never more so than with the environment. Being completely honest, which of
the following are you willing to do? Why?
Drive a more fuel-efficient car, even if it is more expensive
Take public transportation or ride your bike to work
Vote for political candidates who are willing to impose higher taxes on polluters and pollutants
Insulate your home
Unplug appliances when not in use
© 2026 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
3
