NURS 3280 Exam 1 || 100% Verified.
atrophy correct answers -decrease in cell size
-cellular process associated with prolonged bedrest
hypertrophy correct answers increase in cell size
hyperplasia correct answers -increase in the number of cells
-ex: mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy as a result of horomonal ______
metaplasia correct answers one type of cell is replaced by another type of cell
(ex: acid reflux can cause cells in the throat to look like cells in the stomach)
dysplasia correct answers disordered cells not growing the way that they should
necrosis correct answers -cell death
-cell swells and ruptures, often causing damage to neighboring cells
-usually due to ischemia
apoptosis correct answers -programmed cell death
-cell breaks down into small pieces which are phagocytosed
single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutation) correct answers -SNP
-1 base pair is substituted or changed for another
frame shift (mutation) correct answers -base pair is either added or deleted
-can lead to a mis-sequenced protein
autosomal dominant disorders correct answers -if offspring has it, at least one parent MUST
have it
-Marfan Syndrome
-Huntington disease
autosomal recessive disorders correct answers -BOTH parents must be carriers for the disease
(they may not show it) but child can get it
-cystic fibrosis
-sickle cell
-Tay Sachs
sex-linked traits correct answers -female CAN be a carrier
-male can NOT be a carrier
-hemophilia
chromosome nondisjunction correct answers -chromosomes of mom or dad did not separate
(each SHOULD give 1)
-one parent gives 2 and the other parent gives 1, baby has 3
-one parent doesn't give any and other parent gives 1, baby only has 1
down's syndrome correct answers -trisomy 21 (POLYSOMY)
-most common genetic abnormality associated with mental deficiency
, Klinefelter syndrome correct answers -polysomy
-XXY
Turner syndrome correct answers -monosomy
-X
-only 1 copy of X in female, instead of 2
Y linked chromosomal correct answers -almost ALL result in miscarriage (spontaneous
termination in utero)
corticotropin releasing hormone correct answers CRH
origin: hypothalamus
target: anterior pituitary
action: stimulate release of ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone correct answers ACTH
origin: anterior pituitary
target: adrenal cortex
action: stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortex horomones
2 primary stress hormones released from the adrenal gland correct answers -epinephrine
-cortisol
what is the primary source of norepinephrine correct answers sympathetic NS
2 important complications of stress that can complicate nursing management correct answers
-hyperglycemia
-immunosuppression
(*cortisol and epinephrine both raise glucose*)
5 types of WBC correct answers -Nuetrophils
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
-eosinophils
-basophils
leukocytosis correct answers -increase in WBC (higher than normal)
-likely associated with infection
-can be caused by exercise, emotions, anesthesia/surgery, and pregnancy
leukopenia correct answers -always BAD
-low WBC
-below 500= at risk for life threatening infection
-radiation, chemo, anaphylactic shock, lupus can all decrease WBC
neutrophils (PMNs) associated with ____ infections correct answers bacterial
lymphocytes associated with ____ infections correct answers viral (LV)
atrophy correct answers -decrease in cell size
-cellular process associated with prolonged bedrest
hypertrophy correct answers increase in cell size
hyperplasia correct answers -increase in the number of cells
-ex: mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy as a result of horomonal ______
metaplasia correct answers one type of cell is replaced by another type of cell
(ex: acid reflux can cause cells in the throat to look like cells in the stomach)
dysplasia correct answers disordered cells not growing the way that they should
necrosis correct answers -cell death
-cell swells and ruptures, often causing damage to neighboring cells
-usually due to ischemia
apoptosis correct answers -programmed cell death
-cell breaks down into small pieces which are phagocytosed
single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutation) correct answers -SNP
-1 base pair is substituted or changed for another
frame shift (mutation) correct answers -base pair is either added or deleted
-can lead to a mis-sequenced protein
autosomal dominant disorders correct answers -if offspring has it, at least one parent MUST
have it
-Marfan Syndrome
-Huntington disease
autosomal recessive disorders correct answers -BOTH parents must be carriers for the disease
(they may not show it) but child can get it
-cystic fibrosis
-sickle cell
-Tay Sachs
sex-linked traits correct answers -female CAN be a carrier
-male can NOT be a carrier
-hemophilia
chromosome nondisjunction correct answers -chromosomes of mom or dad did not separate
(each SHOULD give 1)
-one parent gives 2 and the other parent gives 1, baby has 3
-one parent doesn't give any and other parent gives 1, baby only has 1
down's syndrome correct answers -trisomy 21 (POLYSOMY)
-most common genetic abnormality associated with mental deficiency
, Klinefelter syndrome correct answers -polysomy
-XXY
Turner syndrome correct answers -monosomy
-X
-only 1 copy of X in female, instead of 2
Y linked chromosomal correct answers -almost ALL result in miscarriage (spontaneous
termination in utero)
corticotropin releasing hormone correct answers CRH
origin: hypothalamus
target: anterior pituitary
action: stimulate release of ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone correct answers ACTH
origin: anterior pituitary
target: adrenal cortex
action: stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortex horomones
2 primary stress hormones released from the adrenal gland correct answers -epinephrine
-cortisol
what is the primary source of norepinephrine correct answers sympathetic NS
2 important complications of stress that can complicate nursing management correct answers
-hyperglycemia
-immunosuppression
(*cortisol and epinephrine both raise glucose*)
5 types of WBC correct answers -Nuetrophils
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
-eosinophils
-basophils
leukocytosis correct answers -increase in WBC (higher than normal)
-likely associated with infection
-can be caused by exercise, emotions, anesthesia/surgery, and pregnancy
leukopenia correct answers -always BAD
-low WBC
-below 500= at risk for life threatening infection
-radiation, chemo, anaphylactic shock, lupus can all decrease WBC
neutrophils (PMNs) associated with ____ infections correct answers bacterial
lymphocytes associated with ____ infections correct answers viral (LV)
