C785 OA Exam Questions With All Correct Detailed Answers A+
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1. Denaturation (heated to 95C to separate it)
2. Annealing (reaction is cooled to 50C, primers stick to the
DNA that you want to copy and ADD DNA polymerase
Steps of PCR
3. ELONGATION (reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase
add nucleotides to building new DNA Strand
"Have An Éclair" à Heat Annealing Elongation
This is how you repair a mutation. Base excision repair is used
to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules. You
Base Excision Repair removed the base that is damaged and replace it. DNA
Glycosylase see's the damaged DNA and removes it. Then
DNA
polymerase puts the right base back in while DNA ligase seals
it back up. Boom all fixed.
Base excision repair (BER) a single nucleotide!!!!!! Only one base camp
removes
· is the only one to occur during REPLICATION—DURING
THE PROOFREADING. o During replication, DNA polymerase
Mismatch repair proofreads, but sometimes a mismatch
occurs. So MMR removes a LARGE section of the nucleotides
from the new DNA, DNA polymerase tries again.
o Know what damage MMR repairs in DNA: G-C A-T
· TIDE like the beach, sun exposure--- UV damage repair
NucleoTIDE excision repair Ø A large section of nucleotides are removed, including the
damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It's then
replaced by DNA polymerase.
· repairs double stranded breaks—this is a last ditch effort
Homologous Recombination ü Repair is made using a copy of the other strand of DNA and
replacing it completely.
· another double stranded break repair
ü The cells put the ends back together before making sure they are
Non Homologous Recombination correctly copied.
This can lead to deletions/ insertions (Frameshift mutations).
This is the last ditch effort and the body is willing to take that
, chance.
what DNA polymerase binds · TRANSCRIPTION DNA takes the individual nucleotides and
to DNA to make RNA matches them to the PARENTAL sequences to ensure a correct
pair. It must bind to RNA primer to work!
What is needed for DNA DNA polymerase
Replication
Nonsense stop all that nonsense, puts a stop codon in
Silent changes 1 nucleotide, but keeps same amino acid
Missense changes 1 nucleotide, results in a different amino acid
During Rna SPlicing introns are cut out, exons joined together
noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding
introns
it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated
into a protein
exons The sections of DNA (or RNA) that code for proteins are called
DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Central Dogma
Gene Expression ·the ability to turn genes on or off
· packing of DNA, where DNA is wrapped around the histones to make
Epigenetics nucleosomes
↑ wide spread nucleosomes= the genes are ON
↓ tightly packed nucleosomes= the genes are OFF
o Polar bears like water! "OH, Look, it's a Northern
Polar amino acids
Hemisphere (NH) or Southern Hemisphere (SH) Polar
Bear!!!" Polar amino acids = OH, NH, SH
Pass
1. Denaturation (heated to 95C to separate it)
2. Annealing (reaction is cooled to 50C, primers stick to the
DNA that you want to copy and ADD DNA polymerase
Steps of PCR
3. ELONGATION (reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase
add nucleotides to building new DNA Strand
"Have An Éclair" à Heat Annealing Elongation
This is how you repair a mutation. Base excision repair is used
to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules. You
Base Excision Repair removed the base that is damaged and replace it. DNA
Glycosylase see's the damaged DNA and removes it. Then
DNA
polymerase puts the right base back in while DNA ligase seals
it back up. Boom all fixed.
Base excision repair (BER) a single nucleotide!!!!!! Only one base camp
removes
· is the only one to occur during REPLICATION—DURING
THE PROOFREADING. o During replication, DNA polymerase
Mismatch repair proofreads, but sometimes a mismatch
occurs. So MMR removes a LARGE section of the nucleotides
from the new DNA, DNA polymerase tries again.
o Know what damage MMR repairs in DNA: G-C A-T
· TIDE like the beach, sun exposure--- UV damage repair
NucleoTIDE excision repair Ø A large section of nucleotides are removed, including the
damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It's then
replaced by DNA polymerase.
· repairs double stranded breaks—this is a last ditch effort
Homologous Recombination ü Repair is made using a copy of the other strand of DNA and
replacing it completely.
· another double stranded break repair
ü The cells put the ends back together before making sure they are
Non Homologous Recombination correctly copied.
This can lead to deletions/ insertions (Frameshift mutations).
This is the last ditch effort and the body is willing to take that
, chance.
what DNA polymerase binds · TRANSCRIPTION DNA takes the individual nucleotides and
to DNA to make RNA matches them to the PARENTAL sequences to ensure a correct
pair. It must bind to RNA primer to work!
What is needed for DNA DNA polymerase
Replication
Nonsense stop all that nonsense, puts a stop codon in
Silent changes 1 nucleotide, but keeps same amino acid
Missense changes 1 nucleotide, results in a different amino acid
During Rna SPlicing introns are cut out, exons joined together
noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding
introns
it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated
into a protein
exons The sections of DNA (or RNA) that code for proteins are called
DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Central Dogma
Gene Expression ·the ability to turn genes on or off
· packing of DNA, where DNA is wrapped around the histones to make
Epigenetics nucleosomes
↑ wide spread nucleosomes= the genes are ON
↓ tightly packed nucleosomes= the genes are OFF
o Polar bears like water! "OH, Look, it's a Northern
Polar amino acids
Hemisphere (NH) or Southern Hemisphere (SH) Polar
Bear!!!" Polar amino acids = OH, NH, SH
