CJE HEALTH ASSESSMENT II
TO COMPLETE AND LATEST
REVIEW FOR 2025/2026 FOR
A GUARANTEED PASS
What causes the breast grandular tissue to atrophy?
After menopause ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases-- causing boob to sag
Gynecomastia
man boobs- common in adolescence. it is temporary
Do White women or African-American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer starting at
45 years of age?
White Women
Do White women or African-American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer before age
45?
African-American
Mastalgia
breast pain that occurs with trauma, inflammation, infection, and benign breast disease
Galactorrhea
,Breast discharge not related to normal breast feeding milk-- bloody or blood-tinged discharge always
is significant
What medications cause nipple discharge?
oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, diuretics, digitalis, steroids, methyldopa, calcium channel
blockers
When should women have a clinical breast examination (CBE) ?
20-39 years of age, every 3 years
Women after age 40 should get an annual CBE
What is the best way to detect a person's risk for breast cancer?
By asking the right history questions
What should the general appearance of a normal breast look like?
Symmetry of size and shape. It is common to have a slight asymmetry in size; often the left breast is
slightly larger than the right
What does retraction signs mean?
there are fibrosis in the breast tissue, usually caused by growing neoplasms
What is the best way to detect a breast mass?
Vertical strip pattern, start high by axilla and palpate down
,How should nulliparous women's breast feel like?
feels firm, smooth, and elastic
When is the best time to perform BSE?
right after the menstrual period (day 4 to 7 of the cycle), when the breast are smallest and least
congested
What causes Gynecomastia?
occurs with use of anabolic steroids, some medications, cirrhosis
Nipple Dimpling
Also called skin tether. Cancer causes fibrosis, which contracts the suspensory ligaments
Edema (Peau d'Orange)
Lymphatic obstruction produces edema. This thickens the skin and exaggerates the hair follicles,
giving a pigskin or orange-peel look. This condition suggests cancer
Fixation
Asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility with the elevated arm maneuver. As cancer becomes
more invasive, the fibrosis fixes the breast to the underlying pectoral muscles
Cancer
Solitary, unilateral, nontender mass. Solid, hard, dense, and fixed to underlying tissues or skin as
cancer becomes invasive. Signs are skin dimpling, nipple retraction, and discharge
, Fibroadenoma
Benign tumors; most commonly present as self-detected in late adolescence. Solitary nontender,
solid, firm, rubbery and elastic. Usually no axillary lymphadenopathy
Intraductal Papilloma
These are discrete benign tumors that arise in a single or multiple papillary duct. May have serous or
serosanguineous discharge
Carcinoma
Bloody discharge that is unilateral and from a single duct requires further investigation
Gynecomastia (in older adult)
Benign enlargement of male breast that occurs when estrogen concentration exceeds testosterone
levels
Where does the right upper lobe extend from?
The apex of the axilla down to the horizontal fissure at the 5th rib
Where does the right middle lobe extend?
From the horizontal fissure down and forward to the 6th rib at the midclavicular line
Where does the right lower lobe extend?
Continues from 5th rib to the 8th rib in the midaxillary line
TO COMPLETE AND LATEST
REVIEW FOR 2025/2026 FOR
A GUARANTEED PASS
What causes the breast grandular tissue to atrophy?
After menopause ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases-- causing boob to sag
Gynecomastia
man boobs- common in adolescence. it is temporary
Do White women or African-American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer starting at
45 years of age?
White Women
Do White women or African-American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer before age
45?
African-American
Mastalgia
breast pain that occurs with trauma, inflammation, infection, and benign breast disease
Galactorrhea
,Breast discharge not related to normal breast feeding milk-- bloody or blood-tinged discharge always
is significant
What medications cause nipple discharge?
oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, diuretics, digitalis, steroids, methyldopa, calcium channel
blockers
When should women have a clinical breast examination (CBE) ?
20-39 years of age, every 3 years
Women after age 40 should get an annual CBE
What is the best way to detect a person's risk for breast cancer?
By asking the right history questions
What should the general appearance of a normal breast look like?
Symmetry of size and shape. It is common to have a slight asymmetry in size; often the left breast is
slightly larger than the right
What does retraction signs mean?
there are fibrosis in the breast tissue, usually caused by growing neoplasms
What is the best way to detect a breast mass?
Vertical strip pattern, start high by axilla and palpate down
,How should nulliparous women's breast feel like?
feels firm, smooth, and elastic
When is the best time to perform BSE?
right after the menstrual period (day 4 to 7 of the cycle), when the breast are smallest and least
congested
What causes Gynecomastia?
occurs with use of anabolic steroids, some medications, cirrhosis
Nipple Dimpling
Also called skin tether. Cancer causes fibrosis, which contracts the suspensory ligaments
Edema (Peau d'Orange)
Lymphatic obstruction produces edema. This thickens the skin and exaggerates the hair follicles,
giving a pigskin or orange-peel look. This condition suggests cancer
Fixation
Asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility with the elevated arm maneuver. As cancer becomes
more invasive, the fibrosis fixes the breast to the underlying pectoral muscles
Cancer
Solitary, unilateral, nontender mass. Solid, hard, dense, and fixed to underlying tissues or skin as
cancer becomes invasive. Signs are skin dimpling, nipple retraction, and discharge
, Fibroadenoma
Benign tumors; most commonly present as self-detected in late adolescence. Solitary nontender,
solid, firm, rubbery and elastic. Usually no axillary lymphadenopathy
Intraductal Papilloma
These are discrete benign tumors that arise in a single or multiple papillary duct. May have serous or
serosanguineous discharge
Carcinoma
Bloody discharge that is unilateral and from a single duct requires further investigation
Gynecomastia (in older adult)
Benign enlargement of male breast that occurs when estrogen concentration exceeds testosterone
levels
Where does the right upper lobe extend from?
The apex of the axilla down to the horizontal fissure at the 5th rib
Where does the right middle lobe extend?
From the horizontal fissure down and forward to the 6th rib at the midclavicular line
Where does the right lower lobe extend?
Continues from 5th rib to the 8th rib in the midaxillary line
