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agricultural sector that part of a country's economy that is involved in the production of
farm products
autarchy complete self-sufficiency
a system of governance based on coercion rather than
authoritarianism
political legitimacy (questionable definition)
autocracy a system of governance in which a small group has absolute power
the degree to which a state can implement policies
autonomy
independent of the populace or the amount of sovereignty
a nation-state can exercise in the global environment
comparison between the value of exports and the value of
imports for a nation- state; usually figured by subtracting
balance of trade
the value of imports from the value of exports (positive
means that exports were worth more than imports; negative
means that the value of imports exceeded the value of
exports)
bicameral describing a legislative body with two houses
the result of government spending in any one fiscal year
budgetary deficit
exceeding the government revenue in that year (national
debt is the total of yearly deficits)
a hierarchically structured organization charged with
bureaucracy
carrying out the policies determined by those with political
authority
in a parliamentary system, the group of ministers who direct
administrative
cabinet bureaucracies (ministries) and make up the government,
which is responsible to the parliament; in a presidential
system, the administrative directors responsible to the
president
capacity the degree to which a government or state is able to implement its
policies
capitalism an economic system that emphasizes private property rights and
market mechanisms
a political party whose aim is ot gather support from a broad range
catch-all party of citizens
, through a de-emphasis of ideology and an emphasis on
pragmatism, charismatic leadership, and marketing
causation a correlation in which a change in one variable results in a change in
others
a system of governance in which divisions of government
checks and balances
can restrain the political authority of other divisions
a member of a state who is legally entitled to full civil rights
citizen
and is legally obliged to perform defined public duties
a political culture in which citizens widely share a belief in
civic culture the legitimacy of their regime and a trust in the government;
therefore the citizens demonstrate restraint in their
demands on the government
employees of the government who administer (not make)
civil servants
policy; expected to serve any and all governments
a system of carefully describing the tasks involved in
performing government jobs, evaluating applicants for
civil service
these jobs, and hiring people from among those applicants
based on skills and experience rather than political factors;
civil service also protects incumbents in civil service
positions from politically based retribution
all those organizations outside of government and
civil society
commercial arenas which provide avenues of public
participation in society
the divisions of society into groups according to
class
economic roles and status attributes