Nursing 122 : Exam 1 9/15/25 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
RACE - Correct answer-Rescue- remove patients from immediate danger. Alarm-
Sound the fire alarm. Confine- The fire to one room or area. Close doors and keep
to one wing of the hospital. Extinguish- Only attempt to extinguish a small fire.
PASS - Correct answer-Pull the pin found between the handles. Aim the nozzle of
the fire extinguisher at the base of the flames. Squeeze the handles together to
release the contents of the extinguisher. Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the
base of the flames to extinguish the fire.
Unresponsive Patient Actions - Correct answer-Check responsiveness- tap
shoulders, shout 'are you okay?'. Call for help immediately- activate code blue
emergency response. Check for pulse and breathing (healthcare providers check
carotid pulse). Begin appropriate interventions: CPR if no pulse, Rescue breathing
if pulse present but not breathing, Recovery position if breathing and pulse present.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Primary Defense - Correct answer-Physical and Chemical Barriers. Purpose:
Prevent pathogens from entering the body. Examples: Skin, Mucous membranes,
Gastrointestinal system.
Secondary Defenses - Correct answer-Innate Immune Response. Purpose: Respond
to pathogens that breach primary defenses. Examples: Inflammatory process,
Elevated temperature (fever), Complement cascades.
Tertiary Defenses - Correct answer-Adaptive Immune Response. Purpose: Specific,
targeted response with immunological memory. Involves B- and T-cell
lymphocytes.
Factors Decreasing Body's Defenses - Correct answer-"CAN'T SLEEP"
Chemical Exposure
Age (very young or old)
Non In-Tact Skin
Stress (increased)
Lack of Rest
Existing Chronic Illness
Exercising Less
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Poor Nutrition
Age-Related Vulnerabilities - Correct answer-Infants/children: Immature immune
systems. Older adults: Declining immune function. Immune system peaks in young
adulthood, then gradually declines.
Chemical Exposure - Correct answer-Toxins impair immune function. Examples:
pesticides, heavy metals, certain medication.
Chronic Illness - Correct answer-Body's defenses are constantly engaged. No
immune reserves for new threats. Examples: diabetes, autoimmune disorders,
cancer.
Lack of Exercise - Correct answer-Slowed circulation, Decreased lymph flow,
Reduced phagocyte movement. Movement helps immune cells patrol the body.
Lack of Rest - Correct answer-Body repairs during sleep. Immune system
regenerates overnight. Sleep deprivation = weakened defense.
Increased Stress - Correct answer-Chronic stress → elevated cortisol → suppressed
immunity. Creates vulnerability to infections.
Nonintact Skin - Correct answer-Broken skin barrier = portal of entry. Includes:
surgical wounds, pressure injuries, skin tears, even microscopic breaks.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers Graded A+
RACE - Correct answer-Rescue- remove patients from immediate danger. Alarm-
Sound the fire alarm. Confine- The fire to one room or area. Close doors and keep
to one wing of the hospital. Extinguish- Only attempt to extinguish a small fire.
PASS - Correct answer-Pull the pin found between the handles. Aim the nozzle of
the fire extinguisher at the base of the flames. Squeeze the handles together to
release the contents of the extinguisher. Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the
base of the flames to extinguish the fire.
Unresponsive Patient Actions - Correct answer-Check responsiveness- tap
shoulders, shout 'are you okay?'. Call for help immediately- activate code blue
emergency response. Check for pulse and breathing (healthcare providers check
carotid pulse). Begin appropriate interventions: CPR if no pulse, Rescue breathing
if pulse present but not breathing, Recovery position if breathing and pulse present.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Primary Defense - Correct answer-Physical and Chemical Barriers. Purpose:
Prevent pathogens from entering the body. Examples: Skin, Mucous membranes,
Gastrointestinal system.
Secondary Defenses - Correct answer-Innate Immune Response. Purpose: Respond
to pathogens that breach primary defenses. Examples: Inflammatory process,
Elevated temperature (fever), Complement cascades.
Tertiary Defenses - Correct answer-Adaptive Immune Response. Purpose: Specific,
targeted response with immunological memory. Involves B- and T-cell
lymphocytes.
Factors Decreasing Body's Defenses - Correct answer-"CAN'T SLEEP"
Chemical Exposure
Age (very young or old)
Non In-Tact Skin
Stress (increased)
Lack of Rest
Existing Chronic Illness
Exercising Less
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Poor Nutrition
Age-Related Vulnerabilities - Correct answer-Infants/children: Immature immune
systems. Older adults: Declining immune function. Immune system peaks in young
adulthood, then gradually declines.
Chemical Exposure - Correct answer-Toxins impair immune function. Examples:
pesticides, heavy metals, certain medication.
Chronic Illness - Correct answer-Body's defenses are constantly engaged. No
immune reserves for new threats. Examples: diabetes, autoimmune disorders,
cancer.
Lack of Exercise - Correct answer-Slowed circulation, Decreased lymph flow,
Reduced phagocyte movement. Movement helps immune cells patrol the body.
Lack of Rest - Correct answer-Body repairs during sleep. Immune system
regenerates overnight. Sleep deprivation = weakened defense.
Increased Stress - Correct answer-Chronic stress → elevated cortisol → suppressed
immunity. Creates vulnerability to infections.
Nonintact Skin - Correct answer-Broken skin barrier = portal of entry. Includes:
surgical wounds, pressure injuries, skin tears, even microscopic breaks.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
