Post 1450s Chapter 5- political transformation
European exploration:
PORTUGAL
Prince Henry the Navigator
- financed early expeditions and schools
- Starts the navigation for Portuguese
Vasco de Gama
- first European to sail into the Indian Ocean
SPAIN
Spanish though it would be good to travel west to get to the Indian Ocean
- - Christopher Columbus, thought he arrived in India
Spanish, French, Dutch excited to settle down colonies in the AMERICAS
European Advantage(Europeans discovering Americas first perspective)
- Europeans physically closer to Americas
- scholars believed that because the Atlantic Ocean did not have monsoon winds(fixed
winds), they had to work harder to come up with a way to get to the americas
- because Indian Ocean had such wealthy markets, no reason to venture further than that
Landmarks of European exploration in the New World(200 ish yrs)
- four main voyages
- 1492-1502, voyages of Columbus
- 1519-1540: Spanish under conquistador to defeat Aztecs and incas
- Ca. 1530’s Portuguese send plantations to Brazil
- 1607-1608: English colony established at Jamestown and French colony in Quebec
European motivation
- God. Spread Christianity
- Og:Gold; Accumulate wealth and resources(sugar, tobacco, silver)
- Glory; countries had rivalries
European Advantage
- mapmaking, navigation, sailing and ship designs allow them to go across the Atlantic
Ocean quickly. Ex: too many indigenous, know they wont win, so they just get on ship
and leave
- divisions within local societies provided new allies for European invaders(broke apart
unity of societies)
- germs and disease ravaged the indigenous
What is an Empire?
- large, major political unit
- consists often of many different territories or peoples
- under one sovereign authority
Imperialism vs Colonialism
Imperialism- the practice of extending influence or control over other territories or
people(political, economic, cultural etc)
, Colonialism- acquiring political control over a foreign territory
Types of Empires
Sea Based Empires:Mercantilism
- economic theory in which governments establish new markets abroad and export their
goods
- European countries acted as the “parent” countries of colonies abroad
- Individual European states had an enormous impact on the new states built in the
western hemisphere
Gunpowder Empires
- ottoman,Safavid,mughal
- gunpowder refers to how they acquired and kept territory
- in gen, large stable states began to replace the small separate unstable states
Heimler’s History
- land based empires from 1450-1750
- Gunpodwer empires- mostly in Asia
World of Islam
- 682 AD, Muhammad died, and long debate emerged about his successor
- group advocating for someone from Muhammad’s bloodline became known as the “Shia”
muslims
- the others become known as "Sunni” advocated for a pious individual who might
continue simply with the Prophet’s customs
Sunni vs Shia
- enjoy same beliefs and tradititions
- both read Quran,believe prophet Muhammad was the messenger of God, both practice 5
pillars, can intermarry and pray at the same mosques
- not religious difference but political
- Majority Sunni(85%)
The Ottoman Empire
- 1300, Ottoman Empire= most significant Islamic state
- governed largely by Sunni Muslims
- Conquer large portions of formerly Christian territory in the “Balkans”
Safavid
- established to the East of the Ottoman Empire in Persian Lands
- Empire lead by absolute monarch, a shah, who had claimed to be a descendent of the
the prophet himself
- Shia version of Islam as the offical religion of the state
My real notes
European empires in the Americas
● Western Europe conquer Americas and Caribbean, following in Columbus of Spain
The European Advantage
● Western europe along atlantic ocean closest to americas(portugal spain, britain,france)
European exploration:
PORTUGAL
Prince Henry the Navigator
- financed early expeditions and schools
- Starts the navigation for Portuguese
Vasco de Gama
- first European to sail into the Indian Ocean
SPAIN
Spanish though it would be good to travel west to get to the Indian Ocean
- - Christopher Columbus, thought he arrived in India
Spanish, French, Dutch excited to settle down colonies in the AMERICAS
European Advantage(Europeans discovering Americas first perspective)
- Europeans physically closer to Americas
- scholars believed that because the Atlantic Ocean did not have monsoon winds(fixed
winds), they had to work harder to come up with a way to get to the americas
- because Indian Ocean had such wealthy markets, no reason to venture further than that
Landmarks of European exploration in the New World(200 ish yrs)
- four main voyages
- 1492-1502, voyages of Columbus
- 1519-1540: Spanish under conquistador to defeat Aztecs and incas
- Ca. 1530’s Portuguese send plantations to Brazil
- 1607-1608: English colony established at Jamestown and French colony in Quebec
European motivation
- God. Spread Christianity
- Og:Gold; Accumulate wealth and resources(sugar, tobacco, silver)
- Glory; countries had rivalries
European Advantage
- mapmaking, navigation, sailing and ship designs allow them to go across the Atlantic
Ocean quickly. Ex: too many indigenous, know they wont win, so they just get on ship
and leave
- divisions within local societies provided new allies for European invaders(broke apart
unity of societies)
- germs and disease ravaged the indigenous
What is an Empire?
- large, major political unit
- consists often of many different territories or peoples
- under one sovereign authority
Imperialism vs Colonialism
Imperialism- the practice of extending influence or control over other territories or
people(political, economic, cultural etc)
, Colonialism- acquiring political control over a foreign territory
Types of Empires
Sea Based Empires:Mercantilism
- economic theory in which governments establish new markets abroad and export their
goods
- European countries acted as the “parent” countries of colonies abroad
- Individual European states had an enormous impact on the new states built in the
western hemisphere
Gunpowder Empires
- ottoman,Safavid,mughal
- gunpowder refers to how they acquired and kept territory
- in gen, large stable states began to replace the small separate unstable states
Heimler’s History
- land based empires from 1450-1750
- Gunpodwer empires- mostly in Asia
World of Islam
- 682 AD, Muhammad died, and long debate emerged about his successor
- group advocating for someone from Muhammad’s bloodline became known as the “Shia”
muslims
- the others become known as "Sunni” advocated for a pious individual who might
continue simply with the Prophet’s customs
Sunni vs Shia
- enjoy same beliefs and tradititions
- both read Quran,believe prophet Muhammad was the messenger of God, both practice 5
pillars, can intermarry and pray at the same mosques
- not religious difference but political
- Majority Sunni(85%)
The Ottoman Empire
- 1300, Ottoman Empire= most significant Islamic state
- governed largely by Sunni Muslims
- Conquer large portions of formerly Christian territory in the “Balkans”
Safavid
- established to the East of the Ottoman Empire in Persian Lands
- Empire lead by absolute monarch, a shah, who had claimed to be a descendent of the
the prophet himself
- Shia version of Islam as the offical religion of the state
My real notes
European empires in the Americas
● Western Europe conquer Americas and Caribbean, following in Columbus of Spain
The European Advantage
● Western europe along atlantic ocean closest to americas(portugal spain, britain,france)
