1 In the design of a research project within an organization, the case study approach
involves:
(A) Using experimental and control groups, as was the case with the Hawthorne
experiments
(B) Measurement that takes place before and after a change to the independent
variable
(C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or groups
(D) All of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or
groups
2 The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:
(A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(B) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the biological
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(C) The psychoanalytical approach, the human relations approach, the cognitive
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(D) The classical approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and
the behaviourist approach
Answer: (A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the
cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach
3 Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in
scientific psychology?
(A) The phenomenological school
(B) The classical school
(C) The psychoanalytical school
(D) The cognitive school
Answer: (D) The cognitive school
4 Who initiated the psychoanalytical approach?
(A) Jung
(B) Skinner
(C) Freud
(D) Locke
Answer: (C) Freud
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
, 5 Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational
psychology and behaviour?
(A) Organizational analysis
(B) Systems approach
(C) Contingency approach
(D) Principles of organization
Answer: (A) Organizational analysis
6 Scientific management was spearheaded by:
(A) Fayol and Urwick
(B) Weber
(C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt
(D) Elton Mayo
Answer: (C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt
7 Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?
(A) Technical competence
(B) All of the other alternatives presented here
(C) Rules and procedures
(D) Division of labour
Answer: (B) All of the other alternatives presented here
8 Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward
by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?
(A) Definition
(B) Authority and responsibility
(C) Unity of command and direction
(D) All of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (C) Unity of command and direction
9 Early approaches in organizational psychology are:
(A) Scientific management, systems approach, and principles of organization
(B) Scientific management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of organization
(C) Scientific management, human relations movement, contingency approach
(D) Classical bureaucracy, systems approach, and principles of organization
Answer: (B)
Scientific management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of
organization
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
,10 The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-
ous industrial psychology:
(A) Shift to the socio-emotional model and a focus on the improvement of working
conditions
(B) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and an experimental approach with the
body as the object of study
(C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental approach
with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation and response
(D) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and a focus on the improvement of working
conditions
Answer: (C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental
approach with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation
and response
11 The Hawthorne effect refers to:
(A) The increase of workers’ productivity because of a close collaboration with management
(B) Change in workers’ behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed
(C) The change of workers’ behaviour due to socialization in the workplace
(D) The continuous increase of workers’ productivity following improvements in the
working environment
Answer: (B) Change in workers’ behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed
12 The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:
(A) The idea that an organization continually adapts to and influences its environment
(B) That it takes into account the need for a common outlook for superiors and
subordinates
(C) Its acceptance that the structure of the organization is dependent upon the situation
in which each organization finds itself
(D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning
Answer: (D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning
13 The scientific method is characterized by:
(A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, replica-
tion, and hypothesis testing
(B) Dependent and independent variables, data analysis, experimentation, and hypoth-
esis testing
(C) Reliability, replication, quantification, and hypothesis testing
(D) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, experi-
mentation, and hypothesis testing
Answer: (A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis,
replication, and hypothesis testing
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
, 14 In an experiment:
(A) The dependent variable is under the control of the researcher
(B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher
(C) Both the independent and dependent variable are under the control of the researcher
(D) The major principle is that of operant conditioning
Answer: (B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher
15 Experiments are conducted in:
(A) The laboratory
(B) The field
(C) Both the field and the laboratory
(D) Neither the field nor the laboratory
Answer: (A) The laboratory
16 The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:
(A) An observational study
(B) An experiment
(C) A case study
(D) A descriptive survey
Answer: (D) A descriptive survey
17 External validity concerns:
(A) The extent to which laboratory experiments can be replicated in field experiments
(B) The extent to which the independent variable influences the dependent variable
(C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific con-
fines of the setting in which the study took place
(D) The extent to which research findings match findings of previous research
Answer: (C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the
specific confines of the setting in which the study took place
18 Action research could be defined as:
(A) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimentation to
practical problems awaiting solutions
(B) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimentation to
initiatives taken by the researchers themselves
(C) The transformation of information taken from documents into new research
projects
(D) None of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (A) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimenta-
tion to practical problems awaiting solutions
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
involves:
(A) Using experimental and control groups, as was the case with the Hawthorne
experiments
(B) Measurement that takes place before and after a change to the independent
variable
(C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or groups
(D) All of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or
groups
2 The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:
(A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(B) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the biological
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(C) The psychoanalytical approach, the human relations approach, the cognitive
approach, and the behaviourist approach
(D) The classical approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and
the behaviourist approach
Answer: (A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the
cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach
3 Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in
scientific psychology?
(A) The phenomenological school
(B) The classical school
(C) The psychoanalytical school
(D) The cognitive school
Answer: (D) The cognitive school
4 Who initiated the psychoanalytical approach?
(A) Jung
(B) Skinner
(C) Freud
(D) Locke
Answer: (C) Freud
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
, 5 Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational
psychology and behaviour?
(A) Organizational analysis
(B) Systems approach
(C) Contingency approach
(D) Principles of organization
Answer: (A) Organizational analysis
6 Scientific management was spearheaded by:
(A) Fayol and Urwick
(B) Weber
(C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt
(D) Elton Mayo
Answer: (C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt
7 Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?
(A) Technical competence
(B) All of the other alternatives presented here
(C) Rules and procedures
(D) Division of labour
Answer: (B) All of the other alternatives presented here
8 Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward
by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?
(A) Definition
(B) Authority and responsibility
(C) Unity of command and direction
(D) All of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (C) Unity of command and direction
9 Early approaches in organizational psychology are:
(A) Scientific management, systems approach, and principles of organization
(B) Scientific management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of organization
(C) Scientific management, human relations movement, contingency approach
(D) Classical bureaucracy, systems approach, and principles of organization
Answer: (B)
Scientific management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of
organization
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
,10 The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-
ous industrial psychology:
(A) Shift to the socio-emotional model and a focus on the improvement of working
conditions
(B) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and an experimental approach with the
body as the object of study
(C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental approach
with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation and response
(D) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and a focus on the improvement of working
conditions
Answer: (C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental
approach with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation
and response
11 The Hawthorne effect refers to:
(A) The increase of workers’ productivity because of a close collaboration with management
(B) Change in workers’ behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed
(C) The change of workers’ behaviour due to socialization in the workplace
(D) The continuous increase of workers’ productivity following improvements in the
working environment
Answer: (B) Change in workers’ behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed
12 The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:
(A) The idea that an organization continually adapts to and influences its environment
(B) That it takes into account the need for a common outlook for superiors and
subordinates
(C) Its acceptance that the structure of the organization is dependent upon the situation
in which each organization finds itself
(D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning
Answer: (D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning
13 The scientific method is characterized by:
(A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, replica-
tion, and hypothesis testing
(B) Dependent and independent variables, data analysis, experimentation, and hypoth-
esis testing
(C) Reliability, replication, quantification, and hypothesis testing
(D) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, experi-
mentation, and hypothesis testing
Answer: (A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis,
replication, and hypothesis testing
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
, 14 In an experiment:
(A) The dependent variable is under the control of the researcher
(B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher
(C) Both the independent and dependent variable are under the control of the researcher
(D) The major principle is that of operant conditioning
Answer: (B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher
15 Experiments are conducted in:
(A) The laboratory
(B) The field
(C) Both the field and the laboratory
(D) Neither the field nor the laboratory
Answer: (A) The laboratory
16 The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:
(A) An observational study
(B) An experiment
(C) A case study
(D) A descriptive survey
Answer: (D) A descriptive survey
17 External validity concerns:
(A) The extent to which laboratory experiments can be replicated in field experiments
(B) The extent to which the independent variable influences the dependent variable
(C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific con-
fines of the setting in which the study took place
(D) The extent to which research findings match findings of previous research
Answer: (C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the
specific confines of the setting in which the study took place
18 Action research could be defined as:
(A) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimentation to
practical problems awaiting solutions
(B) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimentation to
initiatives taken by the researchers themselves
(C) The transformation of information taken from documents into new research
projects
(D) None of the other alternatives presented here
Answer: (A) The application of the scientific method of fact-finding and experimenta-
tion to practical problems awaiting solutions
© 2020 Eugene McKenna
