I
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
ntroduction/Objectives
This course is designed to give you a clear and foundational understanding of important
scientific principles across different fields of study. Throughout the course, you will study main
concepts in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Science. By studying these areas, you will
also begin to develop critical thinking skills and gain a deeper understanding on how the natural
world works.
Each topic is presented through a combination of engaging lectures, hands-on experiments, and
interactive class discussions. This method of teaching is intended to support key ideas and
promote active learning. By the end of the course, you will have built a complete understanding
of basic scientific ideas and how they are connected across different fields of science.
Contents
Meaning of, and different branches of science Importance of
studying science Measurement and its important Scientific Method
Sensory Organs Cell as the basic unit of life Living and Non-living
things (Identification and Classification). Life cycle (Stages of
development), and basic needs of animals Basic and everyday ways
human use animals Principles of good nutrition and healthy food
choices by categories Human organ systems Definition, types, and
importance of plants Gender-Based Violence (Causes, effects, and
prevention). Drug Abuse Matter, physical and chemical changes
Simple Machines Pollution, waste, and waste management
, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
Meaning of Science
Science is the study of the world around us. It helps us understand how things work by asking
questions, making observations, and doing experiments.
Science is about:
Curiosity – asking “why” and “how”
Learning – finding out facts and truths
Testing – using experiments to see what’s right
Explaining – giving reasons for what we see or experience
Different Types of Science
NaturalScience
Earth Science Life Science Physical Science
Geology,Astronomy, Meteorology Chemistry & Physics
Biology
People who study science are called scientists. Ascientistissomeone who asks questions
about how things work and looks for answers byobserving,experimenting, and collecting
facts. Scientists help us learn more about the worldandimproveour lives through new
discoveries. Together, there are many types of scientists,dependingonwhat they study.
Why do we study science?
To think better: Studying science teaches us how to ask questions, think carefully, and
look for evidence—important skills for life.
To understand the world: Science helps us learn how things work—like why the sky
is blue, how plants grow, or what makes it rain.
To solve problems: Science gives us knowledge to solve real problems, like finding
clean water, curing diseases, or making better technology.
, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
To stay healthy: Science teaches us how our body works and helps doctors create
medicine and treatments to keep us well.
To create new things: From smartphones to airplanes, science helps invent cool and
useful things that make life easier.
To protect the earth: Science helps us understand pollution, climate change, and how
to take care of the environment.
What is measurement?
Measurement means finding out how big, long, heavy, hot, or fast something is. We use tools
like rulers, scales, clocks, and thermometers to help us measure. We measure things in units
like meters, kilograms, seconds, and degrees.
Why Do We Measure Things?
Measurement is important in everyday life and in all kinds of work. Here's why:
Helps Us Be Accurate: Measurement helps us know exact amounts. For example, if
you’re baking a cake, you need the right amount of flour and sugar. If you guess, the
cake might not turn out right.
Keeps Things Fair: When we buy fruits or vegetables, they are sold by weight.
Measurement makes sure we get what we pay for.
Used in Science and Technology: Scientists and Engineers use it to build bridges,
machines, and phones. Without measurement, their work wouldn’t be safe or correct.
Important in Health: Doctors and nurses measure our temperature, weight, and blood
pressure to check our health. This helps them know what’s wrong and how to treat us.
Scientific Method
The scientific method is a step-by-step process that scientists use to ask questions, find
answers, and solve problems. It helps make sure investigations are fair and results are
reliable.
Steps of the Scientific Method:
1. Ask a Question
o Start with something you want to learn or understand.
2. Do Background Research
o Gather information to learn more about the topic.
3. Make a Hypothesis
o Make an educated guess or prediction (what you think will happen).
4. Test the Hypothesis (Experiment)
Sensory System
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
ntroduction/Objectives
This course is designed to give you a clear and foundational understanding of important
scientific principles across different fields of study. Throughout the course, you will study main
concepts in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Science. By studying these areas, you will
also begin to develop critical thinking skills and gain a deeper understanding on how the natural
world works.
Each topic is presented through a combination of engaging lectures, hands-on experiments, and
interactive class discussions. This method of teaching is intended to support key ideas and
promote active learning. By the end of the course, you will have built a complete understanding
of basic scientific ideas and how they are connected across different fields of science.
Contents
Meaning of, and different branches of science Importance of
studying science Measurement and its important Scientific Method
Sensory Organs Cell as the basic unit of life Living and Non-living
things (Identification and Classification). Life cycle (Stages of
development), and basic needs of animals Basic and everyday ways
human use animals Principles of good nutrition and healthy food
choices by categories Human organ systems Definition, types, and
importance of plants Gender-Based Violence (Causes, effects, and
prevention). Drug Abuse Matter, physical and chemical changes
Simple Machines Pollution, waste, and waste management
, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
Meaning of Science
Science is the study of the world around us. It helps us understand how things work by asking
questions, making observations, and doing experiments.
Science is about:
Curiosity – asking “why” and “how”
Learning – finding out facts and truths
Testing – using experiments to see what’s right
Explaining – giving reasons for what we see or experience
Different Types of Science
NaturalScience
Earth Science Life Science Physical Science
Geology,Astronomy, Meteorology Chemistry & Physics
Biology
People who study science are called scientists. Ascientistissomeone who asks questions
about how things work and looks for answers byobserving,experimenting, and collecting
facts. Scientists help us learn more about the worldandimproveour lives through new
discoveries. Together, there are many types of scientists,dependingonwhat they study.
Why do we study science?
To think better: Studying science teaches us how to ask questions, think carefully, and
look for evidence—important skills for life.
To understand the world: Science helps us learn how things work—like why the sky
is blue, how plants grow, or what makes it rain.
To solve problems: Science gives us knowledge to solve real problems, like finding
clean water, curing diseases, or making better technology.
, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SCIENCE
To stay healthy: Science teaches us how our body works and helps doctors create
medicine and treatments to keep us well.
To create new things: From smartphones to airplanes, science helps invent cool and
useful things that make life easier.
To protect the earth: Science helps us understand pollution, climate change, and how
to take care of the environment.
What is measurement?
Measurement means finding out how big, long, heavy, hot, or fast something is. We use tools
like rulers, scales, clocks, and thermometers to help us measure. We measure things in units
like meters, kilograms, seconds, and degrees.
Why Do We Measure Things?
Measurement is important in everyday life and in all kinds of work. Here's why:
Helps Us Be Accurate: Measurement helps us know exact amounts. For example, if
you’re baking a cake, you need the right amount of flour and sugar. If you guess, the
cake might not turn out right.
Keeps Things Fair: When we buy fruits or vegetables, they are sold by weight.
Measurement makes sure we get what we pay for.
Used in Science and Technology: Scientists and Engineers use it to build bridges,
machines, and phones. Without measurement, their work wouldn’t be safe or correct.
Important in Health: Doctors and nurses measure our temperature, weight, and blood
pressure to check our health. This helps them know what’s wrong and how to treat us.
Scientific Method
The scientific method is a step-by-step process that scientists use to ask questions, find
answers, and solve problems. It helps make sure investigations are fair and results are
reliable.
Steps of the Scientific Method:
1. Ask a Question
o Start with something you want to learn or understand.
2. Do Background Research
o Gather information to learn more about the topic.
3. Make a Hypothesis
o Make an educated guess or prediction (what you think will happen).
4. Test the Hypothesis (Experiment)
Sensory System
