Sonography Canada (General) - 2
(Abdomen) Exam Questions and
Correct Answers| Updated 2026
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
outermost layer of strong connective tissue, spectral reflector
tunica media
smooth muscle, elastin, collagen, extracellular matrix protein
tunica intima
innermost layer, endothelium
proximal aorta measurement
2.0 cm
mid aorta measurement
1.5-2.0 cm
,distal aorta measurement
1.5 cm
common iliac measurement
0.8-1.0 cm
fusiform aneurysm
gradual, concentric, uniform enlargement
saccular aneurysm
focal and eccentric, does not involve the whole wall
bulbous aneurysm
sudden concentric enlargement
dumbbell aneurysm
figure-8 shape, bulge-normal-bulge
minimum diameter considered aneurysmal
,3.0 cm
recommended time frame for >4.0 cm
every 2 years
recommended time frame for 4.0-4.4 cm
every year
recommended time frame for >4.5 cm
every 6 months
% increase also considered aneurysmal
50%
thickening of outer walls
mural thrombosis
diffuse, mild enlargement without distal taper
ectasia
, bend in aorta (usually to the left) due to degradation of tunica media
tortuous aorta
4 sections of the IVC
hepatic, pre-renal, renal, post-renal, common iliac veins
made up of SMV and splenic vein
portal splenic confluence
4 parts of sonographic appearance
texture, contour, shape, size
panc. head
2-3 cm
panc neck
1.5-2.5 cm
panc body
(Abdomen) Exam Questions and
Correct Answers| Updated 2026
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
outermost layer of strong connective tissue, spectral reflector
tunica media
smooth muscle, elastin, collagen, extracellular matrix protein
tunica intima
innermost layer, endothelium
proximal aorta measurement
2.0 cm
mid aorta measurement
1.5-2.0 cm
,distal aorta measurement
1.5 cm
common iliac measurement
0.8-1.0 cm
fusiform aneurysm
gradual, concentric, uniform enlargement
saccular aneurysm
focal and eccentric, does not involve the whole wall
bulbous aneurysm
sudden concentric enlargement
dumbbell aneurysm
figure-8 shape, bulge-normal-bulge
minimum diameter considered aneurysmal
,3.0 cm
recommended time frame for >4.0 cm
every 2 years
recommended time frame for 4.0-4.4 cm
every year
recommended time frame for >4.5 cm
every 6 months
% increase also considered aneurysmal
50%
thickening of outer walls
mural thrombosis
diffuse, mild enlargement without distal taper
ectasia
, bend in aorta (usually to the left) due to degradation of tunica media
tortuous aorta
4 sections of the IVC
hepatic, pre-renal, renal, post-renal, common iliac veins
made up of SMV and splenic vein
portal splenic confluence
4 parts of sonographic appearance
texture, contour, shape, size
panc. head
2-3 cm
panc neck
1.5-2.5 cm
panc body
