AS PHYSICS 7407/ Paper 1
[1.1]
What can never happen to energy? - answers Energy can never be created or
destroyed.
[1.1]
Name the 8 types of energy store. - answers Energy can be stored as:
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Kinetic
- Magnetic
- Elastic potential
- Electrostatic
- Nuclear
- Gravitational potential
[1.1]
What is a system? - answers A system is an object or group of objects where energy is
transferred between them.
[1.1]
Give the 2 types of system and their properties. - answers Systems can either be open
or closed, where an open allows energy and matter to enter and leave, while a closed
does not.
[1.1]
What is another common term for energy transferred? - answers Energy transferred can
also be described as work done.
[1.2]
Give the formula for kinetic energy. - answers Eₖ = ¹/₂mv²
Energy = ¹/₂ x Mass x Velocity²
[1.3]
Give the formula for gravitational potential energy. - answers Eₚ = mgh
Energy = Mass x Gravitational Strength x Height
[1.4]
Define internal energy. - answers Internal energy is the total energy stored in the
particles of a system.
[1.4]
What are the 2 types of internal energy? - answers Internal energy can either be
potential energy, or kinetic energy.
,[1.4]
Define temperature. - answers Temperature is a measure of the average internal
energy within a substance.
[1.4]
What is specific heat capacity? - answers Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
[1.4]
Give the formula for specific heat capacity. - answers △E = mc△0
Energy change = Mass x Specific heat capacity x Temperature change
[1.6]
How does temperature spread in solids, fluids and empty space? - answers
Temperature spreads in multiple ways:
- Solids - Conduction, vibrating particles pass energy
- Fluids - Convection, particles collide and spread energy
- Empty space - Radiation, waves carry energy
[1.7]
Give the 2 most common ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers. - answers
Unwanted energy transfers are most commonly reduced through thermal insulation or
lubrication.
[1.8]
Define power. - answers Power is the rate at which energy is transferred.
[1.8]
Give the formula for power. - answers P = e / t
Power = Energy / Time
[1.9]
What is efficiency? - answers Efficiency is a measure of how effectively energy is
transferred.
[1.9]
Give the formula for efficiency. - answers Efficiency = Useful output / Total output
[1.10]
Give the 2 types of energy sources. - answers Energy sources can be categorised into:
- Renewable, replenished faster than it is used
- Non-renewable, replenished slower than it is used
[1.10]
, What are the 3 forms of hydrocarbon? - answers Hydrocarbons can either be coal
(solid), oil (liquid) or natural gas (gas).
[1.10]
How do hydrocarbons form? - answers Hydrocarbons form as a result of fossils being
buried and compressed over millions of years.
[2.1]
What is an electrical circuit? - answers An electrical circuit is a closed loop consisting of
a power source and a wire.
[2.1]
How are electrical circuits represented? - answers Electrical circuits are represented
through circuit diagrams.
[2.1]
What is the purpose of cells and batteries? - answers The purpose of cells and batteries
is to provide a current to a circuit.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a cell. - answers The symbol for a cell is two lines, with the
longer one on the left (positive) and shorter one on the right (negative).
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a battery. - answers The symbol for a battery is made up of
multiple cell symbols, connected with a dashed line.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a lamp. - answers The symbol for a lamp is a circle containing
an 'X'.
[2.1]
What is the purpose of switches? - answers The purpose of switches is to control
whether electrons can flow through a circuit.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a switch. - answers The symbol for a switch is 2 circles, with a
line between that changes based on whether the switch is open or closed.
[2.1]
What is current in a circuit? - answers In a circuit, current is a measure of the flow of
electrons.
[2.1]
What is current measured in? - answers Current is measured in Amperes or Amps (A).
[1.1]
What can never happen to energy? - answers Energy can never be created or
destroyed.
[1.1]
Name the 8 types of energy store. - answers Energy can be stored as:
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Kinetic
- Magnetic
- Elastic potential
- Electrostatic
- Nuclear
- Gravitational potential
[1.1]
What is a system? - answers A system is an object or group of objects where energy is
transferred between them.
[1.1]
Give the 2 types of system and their properties. - answers Systems can either be open
or closed, where an open allows energy and matter to enter and leave, while a closed
does not.
[1.1]
What is another common term for energy transferred? - answers Energy transferred can
also be described as work done.
[1.2]
Give the formula for kinetic energy. - answers Eₖ = ¹/₂mv²
Energy = ¹/₂ x Mass x Velocity²
[1.3]
Give the formula for gravitational potential energy. - answers Eₚ = mgh
Energy = Mass x Gravitational Strength x Height
[1.4]
Define internal energy. - answers Internal energy is the total energy stored in the
particles of a system.
[1.4]
What are the 2 types of internal energy? - answers Internal energy can either be
potential energy, or kinetic energy.
,[1.4]
Define temperature. - answers Temperature is a measure of the average internal
energy within a substance.
[1.4]
What is specific heat capacity? - answers Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
[1.4]
Give the formula for specific heat capacity. - answers △E = mc△0
Energy change = Mass x Specific heat capacity x Temperature change
[1.6]
How does temperature spread in solids, fluids and empty space? - answers
Temperature spreads in multiple ways:
- Solids - Conduction, vibrating particles pass energy
- Fluids - Convection, particles collide and spread energy
- Empty space - Radiation, waves carry energy
[1.7]
Give the 2 most common ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers. - answers
Unwanted energy transfers are most commonly reduced through thermal insulation or
lubrication.
[1.8]
Define power. - answers Power is the rate at which energy is transferred.
[1.8]
Give the formula for power. - answers P = e / t
Power = Energy / Time
[1.9]
What is efficiency? - answers Efficiency is a measure of how effectively energy is
transferred.
[1.9]
Give the formula for efficiency. - answers Efficiency = Useful output / Total output
[1.10]
Give the 2 types of energy sources. - answers Energy sources can be categorised into:
- Renewable, replenished faster than it is used
- Non-renewable, replenished slower than it is used
[1.10]
, What are the 3 forms of hydrocarbon? - answers Hydrocarbons can either be coal
(solid), oil (liquid) or natural gas (gas).
[1.10]
How do hydrocarbons form? - answers Hydrocarbons form as a result of fossils being
buried and compressed over millions of years.
[2.1]
What is an electrical circuit? - answers An electrical circuit is a closed loop consisting of
a power source and a wire.
[2.1]
How are electrical circuits represented? - answers Electrical circuits are represented
through circuit diagrams.
[2.1]
What is the purpose of cells and batteries? - answers The purpose of cells and batteries
is to provide a current to a circuit.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a cell. - answers The symbol for a cell is two lines, with the
longer one on the left (positive) and shorter one on the right (negative).
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a battery. - answers The symbol for a battery is made up of
multiple cell symbols, connected with a dashed line.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a lamp. - answers The symbol for a lamp is a circle containing
an 'X'.
[2.1]
What is the purpose of switches? - answers The purpose of switches is to control
whether electrons can flow through a circuit.
[2.1]
Describe the symbol for a switch. - answers The symbol for a switch is 2 circles, with a
line between that changes based on whether the switch is open or closed.
[2.1]
What is current in a circuit? - answers In a circuit, current is a measure of the flow of
electrons.
[2.1]
What is current measured in? - answers Current is measured in Amperes or Amps (A).
