CLUB PILATES MAT MODULE
REVIEW QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Flexion - ANSWERBending movement that decreases the angle between two parts
Extension - ANSWERThe opposite of flexion; a straightening movement that
increases the angle between two parts
Abduction - ANSWERMotion that pulls a structure or part away from the body
Adduction - ANSWERMotion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the
body
Dorsiflexion - ANSWERFlexion of the entire foot inferiorly
Eversion - ANSWERMovement of the sole of the foot away from the medial plane
Inversion - the movement of the sole towards the medial plane
Protrusion - ANSWERThe anterior movement of an object
Protraction - ANSWERAnterior movement of the arms at the shoulders
Lateral Rotation - ANSWERTurning outward
Medial Rotation - ANSWERTurning inward
Elevation - ANSWERMovement in a superior direction
Depression - ANSWERMovement in an inferior direction
Pronation - ANSWERRotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-
facing position to a posterior-facing position
Supination - ANSWERRotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly
Plantarflexion - ANSWERMovement of the foot in which the foot or toes flex
downward towards the sole
Retraction - ANSWERPosterior movement of the arms at the shoulders
Rotation - ANSWERMotion that occurs when a part turns on it's axis
, Sagittal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane makes the body move front and back,
flexion and extension happen in this plane, which is perpendicular to the ground,
dividing the body left and right. Gravity influences movement in this plane.
Frontal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane makes the body move laterally, or
from side to side, thus dividing the body from the front to the back. This plane is
perpendicular to the ground. Abduction, adduction, and lateral flexion occur in this
plane. Gravity influences movement in this plane.
Transverse or Horizontal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane divides the body
horizontally, from top to bottom at the torso, and is parallel to the ground. Twisting
and rotation is performed within this plane. Gravity does not influence rotation.
Supine - ANSWERLying on the back or with the face upward. In anatomical terms,
the dorsal side is down and the ventral side is up.
Proper Movement Principle: Efficiency - ANSWERPilates require movement with
flow, efficiently working with gravity to perform movement
Proper Movement Principle: Flow - ANSWERThe constant flow in Pilates challenges
the muscles and the breath in a way that other methods of activity sometimes ignore
Proper Movement Principle: Precision - ANSWERPilates works with controlled,
precise movements. This not only increases the efficiency of the movement, but it
also leads to increased strength and flexibility.
Prone - ANSWERBody position in which the person lies flat with their chest down
and their back up. In anatomical terms, the dorsal side is up and the ventral side is
down.
Midline - ANSWERBisecting of the body vertically down the center; movements of
the body are often referred to in their relation to the midline.
Anterior - ANSWERFront side of the body
Posterior - ANSWERBack side of the body
Inversion - ANSWERThe movement of the sole toward the median plane
Eccentric - ANSWERIn this type of contraction, the muscle elongates while under
tension, due to an opposing force being greater that the force generated by the
muscle
Concentric - ANSWERIn this type of contraction, the muscle shortens while
generating force
Closed Kinetic Chain - ANSWERThe segment farthest from the midline (usually the
hand or foot) is fixed or stationary
REVIEW QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Flexion - ANSWERBending movement that decreases the angle between two parts
Extension - ANSWERThe opposite of flexion; a straightening movement that
increases the angle between two parts
Abduction - ANSWERMotion that pulls a structure or part away from the body
Adduction - ANSWERMotion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the
body
Dorsiflexion - ANSWERFlexion of the entire foot inferiorly
Eversion - ANSWERMovement of the sole of the foot away from the medial plane
Inversion - the movement of the sole towards the medial plane
Protrusion - ANSWERThe anterior movement of an object
Protraction - ANSWERAnterior movement of the arms at the shoulders
Lateral Rotation - ANSWERTurning outward
Medial Rotation - ANSWERTurning inward
Elevation - ANSWERMovement in a superior direction
Depression - ANSWERMovement in an inferior direction
Pronation - ANSWERRotation of the forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-
facing position to a posterior-facing position
Supination - ANSWERRotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly
Plantarflexion - ANSWERMovement of the foot in which the foot or toes flex
downward towards the sole
Retraction - ANSWERPosterior movement of the arms at the shoulders
Rotation - ANSWERMotion that occurs when a part turns on it's axis
, Sagittal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane makes the body move front and back,
flexion and extension happen in this plane, which is perpendicular to the ground,
dividing the body left and right. Gravity influences movement in this plane.
Frontal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane makes the body move laterally, or
from side to side, thus dividing the body from the front to the back. This plane is
perpendicular to the ground. Abduction, adduction, and lateral flexion occur in this
plane. Gravity influences movement in this plane.
Transverse or Horizontal Plane of Motion - ANSWERThis plane divides the body
horizontally, from top to bottom at the torso, and is parallel to the ground. Twisting
and rotation is performed within this plane. Gravity does not influence rotation.
Supine - ANSWERLying on the back or with the face upward. In anatomical terms,
the dorsal side is down and the ventral side is up.
Proper Movement Principle: Efficiency - ANSWERPilates require movement with
flow, efficiently working with gravity to perform movement
Proper Movement Principle: Flow - ANSWERThe constant flow in Pilates challenges
the muscles and the breath in a way that other methods of activity sometimes ignore
Proper Movement Principle: Precision - ANSWERPilates works with controlled,
precise movements. This not only increases the efficiency of the movement, but it
also leads to increased strength and flexibility.
Prone - ANSWERBody position in which the person lies flat with their chest down
and their back up. In anatomical terms, the dorsal side is up and the ventral side is
down.
Midline - ANSWERBisecting of the body vertically down the center; movements of
the body are often referred to in their relation to the midline.
Anterior - ANSWERFront side of the body
Posterior - ANSWERBack side of the body
Inversion - ANSWERThe movement of the sole toward the median plane
Eccentric - ANSWERIn this type of contraction, the muscle elongates while under
tension, due to an opposing force being greater that the force generated by the
muscle
Concentric - ANSWERIn this type of contraction, the muscle shortens while
generating force
Closed Kinetic Chain - ANSWERThe segment farthest from the midline (usually the
hand or foot) is fixed or stationary
