EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
Introduction
● Emergency Provisions are given in Part XVIII (Part 18) of the Indian Constitution.
● Their purpose is to protect national security, unity, and stability during abnormal
situations.
● Emergencies greatly change the normal constitutional system.
Types of Emergencies
India has three types of emergencies:
1. National Emergency (Article 352)
Declared when:
● War,
● External aggression, or
● Armed rebellion occurs.
Effects
● Centre becomes powerful over states.
● Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended.
● Lok Sabha’s term can be extended by 1 year at a time.
● State governments work under strict central control.
Approval
● Must be approved by Parliament within 1 month.
● Continues as long as Parliament approves every 6 months.
Important Notes
● First and only full National Emergencies were declared in:
○ 1962 (China war)
○ 1971 (Pakistan war)
○ 1975 (Internal emergency)
Introduction
● Emergency Provisions are given in Part XVIII (Part 18) of the Indian Constitution.
● Their purpose is to protect national security, unity, and stability during abnormal
situations.
● Emergencies greatly change the normal constitutional system.
Types of Emergencies
India has three types of emergencies:
1. National Emergency (Article 352)
Declared when:
● War,
● External aggression, or
● Armed rebellion occurs.
Effects
● Centre becomes powerful over states.
● Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended.
● Lok Sabha’s term can be extended by 1 year at a time.
● State governments work under strict central control.
Approval
● Must be approved by Parliament within 1 month.
● Continues as long as Parliament approves every 6 months.
Important Notes
● First and only full National Emergencies were declared in:
○ 1962 (China war)
○ 1971 (Pakistan war)
○ 1975 (Internal emergency)
