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NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL TEST BANK EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
This type of necrosis features cell shape and organ structure
preservation due to coagulation of proteins - ANSWER-
Coagulative necrosis
Where is coagulative necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Wedge shaped
infarcts of solid organs
NOT the Brain or Pancreas
This type of necrosis features enzymatic lysis of cells and proteins
due to release of neutrophil enzymes - ANSWER-Liquefactive
When is liquefactive necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Brain infarcts
Abscesses
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Pancreatitis
This type of necrosis is characterized by a coagulative necrosis
that resembles tissue mummification (dry form), commonly
involving the lower extremities and GI tract.
Superimposed Liquefactive necrosis leads to the "wet" form. -
ANSWER-Gangrenous
This type of necrosis is a combination of coagulative and
liquefactive necrosis that results in a "cottage cheese" like
appearance of the affected tissue. - ANSWER-Caseous Necrosis
When is Caseous Necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Most characteristic
of granulomatous inflammation in the lungs due to TB or fungal
infection
This form of necrosis leads to the chalky white appearance of
adipose tissue due to the deposition of calcium in saponified fat. -
ANSWER-Fat necrosis
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When is fat necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Trauma to the breast and
Acute Pancreatitis
This form of necrosis is characterized by leakage of protein into
blood vessel walls. - ANSWER-Fibrinoid
When is fibrinoid necrosis seen? - ANSWER-1. Malignant HTN
2. Vasculitis
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Fibrinoid necrosis? -
ANSWER-Type III
What is Apoptosis? - ANSWER-Energy (ATP) dependent cell
death. The dying cell shrinks and nucleus condenses / fragments
in an organized manner.
(eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nucleus)
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Describe the intrinsic pathway of activation (Caspase-Apoptosis) -
ANSWER-Occurs in response to cellular injury that inactivates
BCL2.
This allows Cytochrome C to leak out of the mitochondria and
activate caspases to chop up the cell
Describe the extrinsic pathway of activation (Caspase-Apoptosis)
- ANSWER-FAS ligand binds FAS death receptor on target cell
leading to activation of caspases 8 & 10.
TNF/TNFR can also activate it.
Describe T-Cell mediated Caspase Apoptosis - ANSWER-CD8+
(cytotoxic) T-Cells create pores in membranes via perforin
secretion.
T-Cell granzymes enter cytoplasm and activate caspases.
This is how virally infected cells are killed.
NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL TEST BANK EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
This type of necrosis features cell shape and organ structure
preservation due to coagulation of proteins - ANSWER-
Coagulative necrosis
Where is coagulative necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Wedge shaped
infarcts of solid organs
NOT the Brain or Pancreas
This type of necrosis features enzymatic lysis of cells and proteins
due to release of neutrophil enzymes - ANSWER-Liquefactive
When is liquefactive necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Brain infarcts
Abscesses
,2|Page
Pancreatitis
This type of necrosis is characterized by a coagulative necrosis
that resembles tissue mummification (dry form), commonly
involving the lower extremities and GI tract.
Superimposed Liquefactive necrosis leads to the "wet" form. -
ANSWER-Gangrenous
This type of necrosis is a combination of coagulative and
liquefactive necrosis that results in a "cottage cheese" like
appearance of the affected tissue. - ANSWER-Caseous Necrosis
When is Caseous Necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Most characteristic
of granulomatous inflammation in the lungs due to TB or fungal
infection
This form of necrosis leads to the chalky white appearance of
adipose tissue due to the deposition of calcium in saponified fat. -
ANSWER-Fat necrosis
,3|Page
When is fat necrosis seen? - ANSWER-Trauma to the breast and
Acute Pancreatitis
This form of necrosis is characterized by leakage of protein into
blood vessel walls. - ANSWER-Fibrinoid
When is fibrinoid necrosis seen? - ANSWER-1. Malignant HTN
2. Vasculitis
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Fibrinoid necrosis? -
ANSWER-Type III
What is Apoptosis? - ANSWER-Energy (ATP) dependent cell
death. The dying cell shrinks and nucleus condenses / fragments
in an organized manner.
(eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nucleus)
, 4|Page
Describe the intrinsic pathway of activation (Caspase-Apoptosis) -
ANSWER-Occurs in response to cellular injury that inactivates
BCL2.
This allows Cytochrome C to leak out of the mitochondria and
activate caspases to chop up the cell
Describe the extrinsic pathway of activation (Caspase-Apoptosis)
- ANSWER-FAS ligand binds FAS death receptor on target cell
leading to activation of caspases 8 & 10.
TNF/TNFR can also activate it.
Describe T-Cell mediated Caspase Apoptosis - ANSWER-CD8+
(cytotoxic) T-Cells create pores in membranes via perforin
secretion.
T-Cell granzymes enter cytoplasm and activate caspases.
This is how virally infected cells are killed.
