NR565 Week 8 Immunizations
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hf527p
1. Both ___ and ___ lymphocytes are activated to reproduce and separate from
large pools of memory cells to protect against ensuing exposure to an antigen-
: T and B lymphocytes
2. The Epidemiologic Triangle: -Agent
• Virulence
• Infectivity of a Pathogen
• Addictive Qualities of a Substance of Abuse
-Environment
• Sanitary Conditions
• Social Context
• Availability of Healthcare
-Host
• Genetic Susceptibility
• Resiliency
• Nutritional Status
• Behavior
3. Types of Immunity: -Herd (Community) Immunity
-Active Immunity
-Passive Immunity
4. Herd (Community) Immunity: -The resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of
people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine
-contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection will encounter the infected person
• example, most of the people in the community are immune to an infectious disease, which means everyone does not
need immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.
5. Active Immunity: -When the immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine,
or by the infection itself
• example, if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes
immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody response to the hepatitis B virus.
6. Passive Immunity: -immunity that occurs naturally
-This type of immunity is passed on when an antibody is produced in another host
1/8
, NR565 Week 8 Immunizations
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hf527p
• example, immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by artificial administration of antibody-containing
formulations.
7. COVID-19 Vaccine Development Approach: -five main ways researchers are looking into devel-
oping vaccines to combat COVID-19.
1. Viral vector vaccines
2. DNA vaccines
3. RNA vaccines
4. Live-attenuated vaccines
5. Inactivated, protein based vaccines
8. COVID-19 RNA Vaccine: -created using info from the RNA of the virus
• Researchers develop messenger RNA (mRNA) with the same genetic code that the virus has, which encodes
SARS-CoV-2 surface protein gene
-Once mRNA gets into our cells, it can self amplify & be translated to produce SARS-CoV-2 surface protein. • The surface
protein is released from the cell & our body's immune system targets it by producing antibodies
• These antibodies should now be primed to attack future real SARS-CoV-2 viruses that enter our body, thereby
protecting us from future infection
9. COVID-19 Inactivated Protein-Based Vaccine: -vaccines which carry a SARS-CoV-2 surface
protein synthesized & combined with adjuvant to enhance the immune response
• body's immune system should recognize this protein as foreign & target it, creating antibodies, which should recognize
the same surface protein for any future COVID-19 infection.
10. COVID-19 Live-Attenuated Vaccines: -use a weaker version of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for our body's
immune system to respond to
• weak enough not to make us sick, but strong enough for our body to recognize it as a virus that it needs to attack
-weakened virus will induce an immune response
• antibodies being produced, & it will also enter cells & replicate, creating an even bigger immune response & antibody
production.
11. COVID-19 DNA & Viral Vector Vaccines: -Both designed to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 surface protein
gene (made of DNA) into our cells
• so that the DNA can be transcribed into mRNA, which can then be translated into SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins that,
when released from the cell, are targeted by the body's immune system by creating antibodies
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hf527p
1. Both ___ and ___ lymphocytes are activated to reproduce and separate from
large pools of memory cells to protect against ensuing exposure to an antigen-
: T and B lymphocytes
2. The Epidemiologic Triangle: -Agent
• Virulence
• Infectivity of a Pathogen
• Addictive Qualities of a Substance of Abuse
-Environment
• Sanitary Conditions
• Social Context
• Availability of Healthcare
-Host
• Genetic Susceptibility
• Resiliency
• Nutritional Status
• Behavior
3. Types of Immunity: -Herd (Community) Immunity
-Active Immunity
-Passive Immunity
4. Herd (Community) Immunity: -The resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of
people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine
-contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection will encounter the infected person
• example, most of the people in the community are immune to an infectious disease, which means everyone does not
need immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.
5. Active Immunity: -When the immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine,
or by the infection itself
• example, if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes
immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody response to the hepatitis B virus.
6. Passive Immunity: -immunity that occurs naturally
-This type of immunity is passed on when an antibody is produced in another host
1/8
, NR565 Week 8 Immunizations
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hf527p
• example, immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by artificial administration of antibody-containing
formulations.
7. COVID-19 Vaccine Development Approach: -five main ways researchers are looking into devel-
oping vaccines to combat COVID-19.
1. Viral vector vaccines
2. DNA vaccines
3. RNA vaccines
4. Live-attenuated vaccines
5. Inactivated, protein based vaccines
8. COVID-19 RNA Vaccine: -created using info from the RNA of the virus
• Researchers develop messenger RNA (mRNA) with the same genetic code that the virus has, which encodes
SARS-CoV-2 surface protein gene
-Once mRNA gets into our cells, it can self amplify & be translated to produce SARS-CoV-2 surface protein. • The surface
protein is released from the cell & our body's immune system targets it by producing antibodies
• These antibodies should now be primed to attack future real SARS-CoV-2 viruses that enter our body, thereby
protecting us from future infection
9. COVID-19 Inactivated Protein-Based Vaccine: -vaccines which carry a SARS-CoV-2 surface
protein synthesized & combined with adjuvant to enhance the immune response
• body's immune system should recognize this protein as foreign & target it, creating antibodies, which should recognize
the same surface protein for any future COVID-19 infection.
10. COVID-19 Live-Attenuated Vaccines: -use a weaker version of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for our body's
immune system to respond to
• weak enough not to make us sick, but strong enough for our body to recognize it as a virus that it needs to attack
-weakened virus will induce an immune response
• antibodies being produced, & it will also enter cells & replicate, creating an even bigger immune response & antibody
production.
11. COVID-19 DNA & Viral Vector Vaccines: -Both designed to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 surface protein
gene (made of DNA) into our cells
• so that the DNA can be transcribed into mRNA, which can then be translated into SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins that,
when released from the cell, are targeted by the body's immune system by creating antibodies
2/8
