PNG 2251 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025| ACTUAL EXAM
Which of the following is the mechanism that stimulates the release of
surfactant?
a. Fluid accumulation in the alveoli
b. Alveolar collapse from atelectasis
c.Alveolar stretch from deep breathing
d. Air movement through the alveolar pores of Kohn CORRECT
ANSWER: C. Alveolar stretch from deep breathing
Which of the following causes air to enter the thoracic cavity during
inspiration?
a. Contraction of the accessory abdominal muscles
b. Increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen in the blood
c.Stimulation of the respiratory muscles by the chemoreceptors
d. Decrease Intrathoracic pressure relative to pressure at the airway
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Decrease Intrathoracic pressure relative to
pressure at the airway
Which of the following measures the lungs ability to adequately oxygenate
the arterial blood?
a. Arterial oxygen tension
b. Carboxyhemoglobin level
c.Arterial carbon dioxide tension
d. Venous carbon dioxide tension CORRECT ANSWER: A. Arterial oxygen
tension
Which of the following is the most important respiratory defence
mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles?
a. Alveolar macrophage
b. Impaction of particles
c.Reflex bronchoconstriction
d. Mucociliary clearance mechanism CORRECT ANSWER: A. Alveolar
macrophage
Which of the following is caused by a rightward shift of the oxygen-
hemoglobin dissociation curve?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Postoperative hypothermia
c.Release of oxygen at the tissue level
d. greater affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin CORRECT ANSWER: C.
Release of oxygen at the tissue level
Which of the following are very early signs or symptoms of inadequate
oxygenation?
a. Dyspnea and hypotension
b. Apprehension and restlessness
c.Cyanosis and cool, clammy skin
,d. Increased urine output and diaphoresis CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Apprehension and restlessness
During the respiratory assessment of an older adult, the nurse would
expect to find which of the following? (select all that apply)
a. A vigorous cough
b. Increased chest expansion
c.Increased residual volume
d. Increased breath sounds in the lung apices
e.Increased anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter CORRECT ANSWER: C, E
Which of the following should the nurse inquire about when assessing
activity and exercise related to respiratory health?
a. Dyspnea during rest or exercise
b. Recent weight loss or weight gain
c.Ability to sleep through the entire night
d. Willingness to wear oxygen equipment in public CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Dyspnea during rest or exercise
Which of the following is the best tool to assess for the vibration of tactile
fremitus?
a. Palms
b. Fingertips
c.Stethoscope
d. Index fingers CORRECT ANSWER: A. Palms
Which of the following is an abnormal finding in the assessment of the
respiratory system?
a. Presence of tactile fremitus
b. Inspiratory chest expansion of 2.5cm
c.Percussion resonance over the lung bases
d. Symmetrical chest expansion and contraction CORRECT ANSWER: A.
Presence of tactile fremitus
Which of the following is performed to remove pleural fluid for analysis?
a. Thoracentesis
b. Bronchoscopy
c.Pulmonary angiography
d. Sputum culture and sensitivity CORRECT ANSWER: A. Thoracentesis
A client is seen in the clinic for an episode of epistaxis, which is controlled
by placement of anterior nasal packing. During discharge teaching, what
should the nurse instruct the client to do?
a. Use ASA (Aspirin) for pain relief
b. Remove the packing later that day
c.Skip the next dose of antihypertensive medication
d. Avoid vigorous nose blowing and strenuous activity CORRECT
ANSWER: D. Avoid vigorous nose blowing and strenuous activity
, A client with allergic rhinitis reports severe nasal congestion, sneezing, and
watery, itchy eyes and nose at various times of the year. What should the
nurse advise the client to do?
a. Avoid all intranasal sprays and oral antihistamines
b. Limit the duration of use of nasal decongestant spray to 10 days
c.Use oral decongestants at bedtime to prevent symptoms during the night
d. Keep a diary of when the allergic reaction occurs and what precipitates it
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Keep a diary of when the allergic reaction occurs
and what precipitates it
A client is seen at the clinic with fever, muscle aches, sore throat with
yellowish exudate and headache. Which of the following does the nurse
anticipate that the interprofessional management will include? (select all
that apply)
a. Antiviral agents to treat influenza
b. Treatment with antibiotics starting ASAP
c.A throat culture or rapid strep antigen test
d. Supportive care, including cool, bland liquids
e.Comprehensive history to determine possibly etiology CORRECT
ANSWER: C, D, E
What type of tracheostomy tube prevents the use of the voice?
a. Cuffless tracheostomy tube
b. Fenestrated tracheostomy tube
c.Tube with an inflated foam cuff
d. Cuffed tube with the cuff deflated CORRECT ANSWER: C. Tube with
an inflated foam cuff
Which nursing action related to the tracheostomy tube cuff pressure would
prevent excessive pressure on tracheal capillaries?
a. Monitor pressure every 2-3 days
b. Ensure pressure is less than 20mm Hg or 25 cm H2O
c.Ensure pressure is less than 30mm Hg or 35 cm H2O
d. Ensure pressure is sufficient to fill the pilot balloon until it is tense
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Ensure pressure is less than 20mm Hg or
25 cm H2O
Which of the following is not an early symptom of head and neck cancer?
a. Hoarseness
b. Change in fit of dentures
c.Mouth ulcers that do not heal
d. Decreased mobility of the tongue CORRECT ANSWER: D. Decreased
mobility of the tongue
While in the recovery room, a client with a total laryngectomy is
suctioned and has bloody mucus with some clots. Which of the
following nursing interventions would apply?
a. Notify the physician immediately
b. Place the client in the prone position to facilitate drainage.
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025| ACTUAL EXAM
Which of the following is the mechanism that stimulates the release of
surfactant?
a. Fluid accumulation in the alveoli
b. Alveolar collapse from atelectasis
c.Alveolar stretch from deep breathing
d. Air movement through the alveolar pores of Kohn CORRECT
ANSWER: C. Alveolar stretch from deep breathing
Which of the following causes air to enter the thoracic cavity during
inspiration?
a. Contraction of the accessory abdominal muscles
b. Increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen in the blood
c.Stimulation of the respiratory muscles by the chemoreceptors
d. Decrease Intrathoracic pressure relative to pressure at the airway
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Decrease Intrathoracic pressure relative to
pressure at the airway
Which of the following measures the lungs ability to adequately oxygenate
the arterial blood?
a. Arterial oxygen tension
b. Carboxyhemoglobin level
c.Arterial carbon dioxide tension
d. Venous carbon dioxide tension CORRECT ANSWER: A. Arterial oxygen
tension
Which of the following is the most important respiratory defence
mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles?
a. Alveolar macrophage
b. Impaction of particles
c.Reflex bronchoconstriction
d. Mucociliary clearance mechanism CORRECT ANSWER: A. Alveolar
macrophage
Which of the following is caused by a rightward shift of the oxygen-
hemoglobin dissociation curve?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Postoperative hypothermia
c.Release of oxygen at the tissue level
d. greater affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin CORRECT ANSWER: C.
Release of oxygen at the tissue level
Which of the following are very early signs or symptoms of inadequate
oxygenation?
a. Dyspnea and hypotension
b. Apprehension and restlessness
c.Cyanosis and cool, clammy skin
,d. Increased urine output and diaphoresis CORRECT ANSWER: B.
Apprehension and restlessness
During the respiratory assessment of an older adult, the nurse would
expect to find which of the following? (select all that apply)
a. A vigorous cough
b. Increased chest expansion
c.Increased residual volume
d. Increased breath sounds in the lung apices
e.Increased anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter CORRECT ANSWER: C, E
Which of the following should the nurse inquire about when assessing
activity and exercise related to respiratory health?
a. Dyspnea during rest or exercise
b. Recent weight loss or weight gain
c.Ability to sleep through the entire night
d. Willingness to wear oxygen equipment in public CORRECT ANSWER:
A. Dyspnea during rest or exercise
Which of the following is the best tool to assess for the vibration of tactile
fremitus?
a. Palms
b. Fingertips
c.Stethoscope
d. Index fingers CORRECT ANSWER: A. Palms
Which of the following is an abnormal finding in the assessment of the
respiratory system?
a. Presence of tactile fremitus
b. Inspiratory chest expansion of 2.5cm
c.Percussion resonance over the lung bases
d. Symmetrical chest expansion and contraction CORRECT ANSWER: A.
Presence of tactile fremitus
Which of the following is performed to remove pleural fluid for analysis?
a. Thoracentesis
b. Bronchoscopy
c.Pulmonary angiography
d. Sputum culture and sensitivity CORRECT ANSWER: A. Thoracentesis
A client is seen in the clinic for an episode of epistaxis, which is controlled
by placement of anterior nasal packing. During discharge teaching, what
should the nurse instruct the client to do?
a. Use ASA (Aspirin) for pain relief
b. Remove the packing later that day
c.Skip the next dose of antihypertensive medication
d. Avoid vigorous nose blowing and strenuous activity CORRECT
ANSWER: D. Avoid vigorous nose blowing and strenuous activity
, A client with allergic rhinitis reports severe nasal congestion, sneezing, and
watery, itchy eyes and nose at various times of the year. What should the
nurse advise the client to do?
a. Avoid all intranasal sprays and oral antihistamines
b. Limit the duration of use of nasal decongestant spray to 10 days
c.Use oral decongestants at bedtime to prevent symptoms during the night
d. Keep a diary of when the allergic reaction occurs and what precipitates it
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Keep a diary of when the allergic reaction occurs
and what precipitates it
A client is seen at the clinic with fever, muscle aches, sore throat with
yellowish exudate and headache. Which of the following does the nurse
anticipate that the interprofessional management will include? (select all
that apply)
a. Antiviral agents to treat influenza
b. Treatment with antibiotics starting ASAP
c.A throat culture or rapid strep antigen test
d. Supportive care, including cool, bland liquids
e.Comprehensive history to determine possibly etiology CORRECT
ANSWER: C, D, E
What type of tracheostomy tube prevents the use of the voice?
a. Cuffless tracheostomy tube
b. Fenestrated tracheostomy tube
c.Tube with an inflated foam cuff
d. Cuffed tube with the cuff deflated CORRECT ANSWER: C. Tube with
an inflated foam cuff
Which nursing action related to the tracheostomy tube cuff pressure would
prevent excessive pressure on tracheal capillaries?
a. Monitor pressure every 2-3 days
b. Ensure pressure is less than 20mm Hg or 25 cm H2O
c.Ensure pressure is less than 30mm Hg or 35 cm H2O
d. Ensure pressure is sufficient to fill the pilot balloon until it is tense
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Ensure pressure is less than 20mm Hg or
25 cm H2O
Which of the following is not an early symptom of head and neck cancer?
a. Hoarseness
b. Change in fit of dentures
c.Mouth ulcers that do not heal
d. Decreased mobility of the tongue CORRECT ANSWER: D. Decreased
mobility of the tongue
While in the recovery room, a client with a total laryngectomy is
suctioned and has bloody mucus with some clots. Which of the
following nursing interventions would apply?
a. Notify the physician immediately
b. Place the client in the prone position to facilitate drainage.
