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BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Activation Energy Ans: amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid Ans: Joined by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein. Are
the building blocks of proteins
Carbohydrate Ans: (monosaccharides) main source of energy for the
cell; CHO
Catalyst Ans: Used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed
up the reaction
Enzyme Ans: Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid Ans: (1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy
storage, make up the phospholipid bilayer; CHO
Monosaccharide Ans: simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and
sucrose)
Nucleic Acids Ans: Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic
information - DNA and RNA
Protein Ans: (amino acids) referred to as the building blocks, genes code
for these. CHON
Cell Theory Ans: All living things are made of cells; Cells come from
other cells; Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism
Differentiation Ans: The process by which Stem cells start to perform
their jobs aka their function
Eukaryote Ans: Cells that have a nucleus, larger, complex, and have
membrane bound organelles (Ex. Plants and Animals)
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Multicellular Organisms Ans: Organisms composed of many cells (Ex.
tissue, humans, etc.)
Organelles Ans: Small structures that perform various functions for the
cell (reside within the cytoplasm).
Prokaryote Ans: Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (few membrane
bound organelles) (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells Ans: Undifferentiated cells. Two types are embryonic or
somatic (adult)
Unicellular Organism Ans: Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex.
Bacteria)
Passive Transport Ans: No energy required; transport of small and
medium sized materials (gas, water, uncharged particles) across the
plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration
(Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion Ans: No energy required; transports molecules from high to
low concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis Ans: No energy required; transports WATER from high to low
concentrations in order to even them out
Facilitated Diffusion Ans: "Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help
move material across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require
energy (high to low)
Homeostasis Ans: Maintaining of a stable internal environment
Active Transport Ans: Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets
molecules across the cell through pumps and vesicles. From a low
concentration to a high concentration
Vesicles Ans: Used when molecules are too large to pass through the
membrane, even with the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis Ans: Large molecules going INTO the cell
BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Activation Energy Ans: amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid Ans: Joined by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein. Are
the building blocks of proteins
Carbohydrate Ans: (monosaccharides) main source of energy for the
cell; CHO
Catalyst Ans: Used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed
up the reaction
Enzyme Ans: Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid Ans: (1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy
storage, make up the phospholipid bilayer; CHO
Monosaccharide Ans: simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and
sucrose)
Nucleic Acids Ans: Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic
information - DNA and RNA
Protein Ans: (amino acids) referred to as the building blocks, genes code
for these. CHON
Cell Theory Ans: All living things are made of cells; Cells come from
other cells; Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism
Differentiation Ans: The process by which Stem cells start to perform
their jobs aka their function
Eukaryote Ans: Cells that have a nucleus, larger, complex, and have
membrane bound organelles (Ex. Plants and Animals)
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Multicellular Organisms Ans: Organisms composed of many cells (Ex.
tissue, humans, etc.)
Organelles Ans: Small structures that perform various functions for the
cell (reside within the cytoplasm).
Prokaryote Ans: Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (few membrane
bound organelles) (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells Ans: Undifferentiated cells. Two types are embryonic or
somatic (adult)
Unicellular Organism Ans: Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex.
Bacteria)
Passive Transport Ans: No energy required; transport of small and
medium sized materials (gas, water, uncharged particles) across the
plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration
(Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion Ans: No energy required; transports molecules from high to
low concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis Ans: No energy required; transports WATER from high to low
concentrations in order to even them out
Facilitated Diffusion Ans: "Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help
move material across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require
energy (high to low)
Homeostasis Ans: Maintaining of a stable internal environment
Active Transport Ans: Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets
molecules across the cell through pumps and vesicles. From a low
concentration to a high concentration
Vesicles Ans: Used when molecules are too large to pass through the
membrane, even with the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis Ans: Large molecules going INTO the cell
