Entrance Exam Medicine Biology 2025
Questions and Answers ()
When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the
niche of the species that compete. The figure shows an example of this.
Resource partitioning results in:
A. individuals of each species sharing the resources that they both exploit.
B.individuals of each species hybridizing in the region of overlap.
C.a move from the fundamental niche to the realized niche for both species.
D.a move from the realized niche to the fundamental niche for both species. - answers
C.a move from the fundamental niche to the realized niche for both species.
Cnidaria - answers Phylum chartacterized by radial symmetry, 2 germ tissues in the
embryo; a closed internal gastric cavity, and well-developed tissues but not organs;
includes jellyfish, esea anemones, and corals
Bilateria - answers Monophyletic group of animals with bilateral symmetry
Protostomes - answers Bilaterian in whcih the blastopore first opening to internal cavity
of developing embryo becomes mouth
Deuterostomes - answers Bilaterian in which the blastopore, the first opening to the
internal cavity of the developing embryo, becomes the anus
Humans and chordates
Choanocytes - answers Type of cell that lines the interior surface of a sponge;have
flagella and function in nutrition and gas exchange
Mesohyl - answers Gelatinous mass lies between interior and exterior cell layers of
sponge that contains some amoeba-like cells that function in skeleton formation and
dispersal of nutrients
Eumetazoa - answers Monophyletic group of all animals other than sponges
Gastric Cavity - answers Cindarians, closed internal site where extracellular digestion
and excretion take place
Epidermis - answers Mammals, outer layer of skin, which serves as a water-resistant,
protective barrier.
Plants, outermost layer of cells in leaves, young stems (lacking secondary growth), and
roots. Outer layer of cnidarian body.
,Endodermis - answers In plants, layer of cells surrounding the xylem and phloem at the
center of the root that controls movement of nutrients into xylem
Inner lining of cnidarian body
Mesoglea - answers In cnidareans, gelatinous mass enclosed by epidermis and
endodermis
Placozoans - answers Possibly simplest of all animals; each contains only few thousand
cells arranged into upper and lower epithelia that sandwwich an interior fluid
crisscrossed by network of multinucleate fiber cells
Annelid Worms - answers Phylum of worms have a cylindrical body with distinct
segments and a bilaterian body plan
Mollusks - answers Monophyletic group distinguished by a mantle which plays a major
role in movement skeleton-building, breathing, and excretion; includes clams, snails,
and squid
Gastropods - answers Mollusks
-->Snails
-->Slugs
Cephaloppods - answers Monophyletic group of mollusks
-->Squid
-->Cuttlefish
-->Octopus
-->Chambered nautilus
Distinctive adaptations-->well-developed eyes and muscular tentacles that capture prey
and sense the environment
Bivalves - answers Mollusks includes clams,oysters mussels, have enclosing skeleton
two hard shells connected by flexible hinge
Nematodes - answers Roundworms, the most numerous of all animals; a phylum of
Ecdysozoa
Arthopoda - answers Monophyletic group of animals includes insects and contains more
than half of all known animal species distinguished by segmented bodies and jointed
legs
Chitin - answers Modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen makes up cell walls of
fungi and hard exoskeletons of arthropods
Insects - answers Most diverse of four main groups of arthropoda
,Chelicerates - answers One of four main groups of arthropods including spiders and
scorpions; have pincer-like claws and are only arthropods lack antennae
Myriapods - answers One of four main groups of arrthropds, including centipedsand
millipedes; distinguished by their many pairs of legs
Crustaceans - answers One of four main groups of arthropods, including lobsters,
shrimp, and crabs; two pairs of antennae and branched legs or appendages
Metamorphosis - answers Process in some animals in whcih body changes dramatically
at key stages in development
Pupa - answers Quiescent stage of meetamorphosis in insects, during which the body
tissues undergo a transformation from larva to an adult
Spiracles - answers Opening in the exoskeleton on either side of an insect's abdomen
through which gases are exchanged
Tracheae - answers Central airway leading to lungs, supported by cartilage rings
Hemichordata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterosomes; includes acorn
worms and preobranchs
Echinodermata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterosomes; five-part
symmetry; includes sdea urchins and sea stars
Chordata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterostomes, includes vertebrates
and closely related invertebrate animals such as sea squirts
Pharynx - answers Region of throat that connects the nasal and mouth cavities; in
hemichordates, a tube that connects the mouth and the digestive tract
Pharyngeal Slits - answers Vertical opening separated from other slits by stiff tods of
protein in pharynx of hemichordates
Dorsal Nerve Cord - answers Develops in a location dorsal to notochord, embryonic
feature
Water Vascular System - answers Series of fluid-filled canals that permit bulk transport
of oxygen and nutrients in echinoderms
Tube Feet - answers Subphylum of Chrdata that includes about
Cephalochordates - answers Subphylum of Chordaata that shares key features of body
organization with vertebrates but lacks a well-developed brain and eyes, has no lateral
appendages, and does not have a mineralized skeleton
, Tunicates - answers Subphylum of Chordata that includes about 3000 species of filter-
feeding marine animals, such as squirts and salps
Vertebrates - answers (Craniates)
Notochord - answers Chordates, stiff rod of collagen and other proteins that runs along
back and provides support for axis of body
Vertebral Column - answers Skeletal structure in veertebrates functionally replaces
embryonic notochord supports body
Neural Tube - answers Chordates cylinder of embryological tissue that develops into
dorsal nerve cord
Myotomes - answers Chordates, any one of a series of segments organizes the body
musculature
Vertebrae - answers Subphylum of chordata distinguished by a bony cranium that
protects the brain and unless lost through evolution a vertebral column
Hagfish - answers One of earliest-branching craniates, with a cranium built of cartilage
but no jaws; feed on marine worms and dead and dying sea animals
Lampreys - answers One of earliest branching cranlates with a cranium and vertebral
column built of cartilage but no jaws; many live parasitically sucking body fluids from fish
prey
Chondrichthyes - answers Cartilaginous fish, a monophyletic group that includes about
800 species of sharks, rays, and chimaeras
Osteichthyes - answers Bony fish have cranium, jaws, mineralized bones; there are
about 20,000-25,000 species
Coelacanth - answers Genus of two secies of lobe-finned fish found off the coast of
Africa and thought to have been extinct for 80 million years but which is still living today;
along with lungfish, nearest relative tetrapods
Lungfish - answers Several species of lobe-finned fish use simple lung to survive
periods when their wawtery habitat dries by burying themselves in moist mud and
breathing air; along with coelacanths, the nearest relative of tetrapods
Tetrapoda - answers Monophyletic group of animals whose last common ancestor had
four limbs; group includes amphibians, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and mammals
(Some like snakes lost legs in course of evolution)
Questions and Answers ()
When two species compete for similar resources, resource partitioning can alter the
niche of the species that compete. The figure shows an example of this.
Resource partitioning results in:
A. individuals of each species sharing the resources that they both exploit.
B.individuals of each species hybridizing in the region of overlap.
C.a move from the fundamental niche to the realized niche for both species.
D.a move from the realized niche to the fundamental niche for both species. - answers
C.a move from the fundamental niche to the realized niche for both species.
Cnidaria - answers Phylum chartacterized by radial symmetry, 2 germ tissues in the
embryo; a closed internal gastric cavity, and well-developed tissues but not organs;
includes jellyfish, esea anemones, and corals
Bilateria - answers Monophyletic group of animals with bilateral symmetry
Protostomes - answers Bilaterian in whcih the blastopore first opening to internal cavity
of developing embryo becomes mouth
Deuterostomes - answers Bilaterian in which the blastopore, the first opening to the
internal cavity of the developing embryo, becomes the anus
Humans and chordates
Choanocytes - answers Type of cell that lines the interior surface of a sponge;have
flagella and function in nutrition and gas exchange
Mesohyl - answers Gelatinous mass lies between interior and exterior cell layers of
sponge that contains some amoeba-like cells that function in skeleton formation and
dispersal of nutrients
Eumetazoa - answers Monophyletic group of all animals other than sponges
Gastric Cavity - answers Cindarians, closed internal site where extracellular digestion
and excretion take place
Epidermis - answers Mammals, outer layer of skin, which serves as a water-resistant,
protective barrier.
Plants, outermost layer of cells in leaves, young stems (lacking secondary growth), and
roots. Outer layer of cnidarian body.
,Endodermis - answers In plants, layer of cells surrounding the xylem and phloem at the
center of the root that controls movement of nutrients into xylem
Inner lining of cnidarian body
Mesoglea - answers In cnidareans, gelatinous mass enclosed by epidermis and
endodermis
Placozoans - answers Possibly simplest of all animals; each contains only few thousand
cells arranged into upper and lower epithelia that sandwwich an interior fluid
crisscrossed by network of multinucleate fiber cells
Annelid Worms - answers Phylum of worms have a cylindrical body with distinct
segments and a bilaterian body plan
Mollusks - answers Monophyletic group distinguished by a mantle which plays a major
role in movement skeleton-building, breathing, and excretion; includes clams, snails,
and squid
Gastropods - answers Mollusks
-->Snails
-->Slugs
Cephaloppods - answers Monophyletic group of mollusks
-->Squid
-->Cuttlefish
-->Octopus
-->Chambered nautilus
Distinctive adaptations-->well-developed eyes and muscular tentacles that capture prey
and sense the environment
Bivalves - answers Mollusks includes clams,oysters mussels, have enclosing skeleton
two hard shells connected by flexible hinge
Nematodes - answers Roundworms, the most numerous of all animals; a phylum of
Ecdysozoa
Arthopoda - answers Monophyletic group of animals includes insects and contains more
than half of all known animal species distinguished by segmented bodies and jointed
legs
Chitin - answers Modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen makes up cell walls of
fungi and hard exoskeletons of arthropods
Insects - answers Most diverse of four main groups of arthropoda
,Chelicerates - answers One of four main groups of arthropods including spiders and
scorpions; have pincer-like claws and are only arthropods lack antennae
Myriapods - answers One of four main groups of arrthropds, including centipedsand
millipedes; distinguished by their many pairs of legs
Crustaceans - answers One of four main groups of arthropods, including lobsters,
shrimp, and crabs; two pairs of antennae and branched legs or appendages
Metamorphosis - answers Process in some animals in whcih body changes dramatically
at key stages in development
Pupa - answers Quiescent stage of meetamorphosis in insects, during which the body
tissues undergo a transformation from larva to an adult
Spiracles - answers Opening in the exoskeleton on either side of an insect's abdomen
through which gases are exchanged
Tracheae - answers Central airway leading to lungs, supported by cartilage rings
Hemichordata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterosomes; includes acorn
worms and preobranchs
Echinodermata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterosomes; five-part
symmetry; includes sdea urchins and sea stars
Chordata - answers One of three major phyla of deuterostomes, includes vertebrates
and closely related invertebrate animals such as sea squirts
Pharynx - answers Region of throat that connects the nasal and mouth cavities; in
hemichordates, a tube that connects the mouth and the digestive tract
Pharyngeal Slits - answers Vertical opening separated from other slits by stiff tods of
protein in pharynx of hemichordates
Dorsal Nerve Cord - answers Develops in a location dorsal to notochord, embryonic
feature
Water Vascular System - answers Series of fluid-filled canals that permit bulk transport
of oxygen and nutrients in echinoderms
Tube Feet - answers Subphylum of Chrdata that includes about
Cephalochordates - answers Subphylum of Chordaata that shares key features of body
organization with vertebrates but lacks a well-developed brain and eyes, has no lateral
appendages, and does not have a mineralized skeleton
, Tunicates - answers Subphylum of Chordata that includes about 3000 species of filter-
feeding marine animals, such as squirts and salps
Vertebrates - answers (Craniates)
Notochord - answers Chordates, stiff rod of collagen and other proteins that runs along
back and provides support for axis of body
Vertebral Column - answers Skeletal structure in veertebrates functionally replaces
embryonic notochord supports body
Neural Tube - answers Chordates cylinder of embryological tissue that develops into
dorsal nerve cord
Myotomes - answers Chordates, any one of a series of segments organizes the body
musculature
Vertebrae - answers Subphylum of chordata distinguished by a bony cranium that
protects the brain and unless lost through evolution a vertebral column
Hagfish - answers One of earliest-branching craniates, with a cranium built of cartilage
but no jaws; feed on marine worms and dead and dying sea animals
Lampreys - answers One of earliest branching cranlates with a cranium and vertebral
column built of cartilage but no jaws; many live parasitically sucking body fluids from fish
prey
Chondrichthyes - answers Cartilaginous fish, a monophyletic group that includes about
800 species of sharks, rays, and chimaeras
Osteichthyes - answers Bony fish have cranium, jaws, mineralized bones; there are
about 20,000-25,000 species
Coelacanth - answers Genus of two secies of lobe-finned fish found off the coast of
Africa and thought to have been extinct for 80 million years but which is still living today;
along with lungfish, nearest relative tetrapods
Lungfish - answers Several species of lobe-finned fish use simple lung to survive
periods when their wawtery habitat dries by burying themselves in moist mud and
breathing air; along with coelacanths, the nearest relative of tetrapods
Tetrapoda - answers Monophyletic group of animals whose last common ancestor had
four limbs; group includes amphibians, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and mammals
(Some like snakes lost legs in course of evolution)
