NURS 4015 Exam Questions with
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#### Renal / Fluids / Electrolytes
1. .Stage 3 AKI: GFR 30–59 mL/min. Most common cause in
hospitalized patients?.
A. Prerenal (hypovolemia) → ATN
Answer: A → progresses to intrinsic if not corrected
2. .Hyperkalemia ECG progression:.
Peaked T → flattened P → widened QRS → sine wave
First treatment if ECG changes: Calcium gluconate
3. .Patient with SIADH: serum Na 124, urine osmolality 680, urine Na
45. Treatment of choice?.
A. 3% saline (if seizing) + fluid restriction + demeclocycline/tolvaptan if
chronic
Answer: A (acute symptomatic)
,#### Diabetes & Endocrine
4. .DKA vs HHS – highest glucose & osmolality, no ketones?.
HHS (>600 mg/dL, >320 mOsm, negative ketones)
5. .Patient on metformin develops lactic acidosis. Biggest risk
factor?.
A. AKI or CrCl <30
6. .Thyroid storm treatment order:.
Beta-blocker → PTU (or methimazole) → iodine (1 hr later) →
hydrocortisone
#### Pulmonary
7. .Asthma severity with PEFR 50–79% predicted, nighttime symptoms
>1×/week:.
Moderate persistent → ICS + LABA
8. .COPD GOLD Group D treatment (high symptoms + high risk):.
LAMA + LABA + ICS (triple therapy)
, #### Hematology / Oncology Emergencies
9. .Tumor lysis labs:.
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
10. .Sickle cell acute chest syndrome treatment:.
Oxygen, pain control, incentive spirometry, empiric antibiotics,
transfusion/exchange if severe
#### GI / Liver
11. .Child-Pugh C cirrhosis + variceal bleed:.
Octreotide + ceftriaxone + urgent EGD banding + non-selective beta-
blocker for secondary prophylaxis
12. .Hepatic encephalopathy treatment ladder:.
Lactulose (goal 2–3 stools/day) → rifaximin
#### Neuro
13. .Ischemic stroke within 4.5 hrs, no hemorrhage on CT:.
Alteplase (tPA) 0.9 mg/kg if no contraindications
14. .Status epilepticus >5 min:.
Verified Answers Top Rated A+
Latest 2025
#### Renal / Fluids / Electrolytes
1. .Stage 3 AKI: GFR 30–59 mL/min. Most common cause in
hospitalized patients?.
A. Prerenal (hypovolemia) → ATN
Answer: A → progresses to intrinsic if not corrected
2. .Hyperkalemia ECG progression:.
Peaked T → flattened P → widened QRS → sine wave
First treatment if ECG changes: Calcium gluconate
3. .Patient with SIADH: serum Na 124, urine osmolality 680, urine Na
45. Treatment of choice?.
A. 3% saline (if seizing) + fluid restriction + demeclocycline/tolvaptan if
chronic
Answer: A (acute symptomatic)
,#### Diabetes & Endocrine
4. .DKA vs HHS – highest glucose & osmolality, no ketones?.
HHS (>600 mg/dL, >320 mOsm, negative ketones)
5. .Patient on metformin develops lactic acidosis. Biggest risk
factor?.
A. AKI or CrCl <30
6. .Thyroid storm treatment order:.
Beta-blocker → PTU (or methimazole) → iodine (1 hr later) →
hydrocortisone
#### Pulmonary
7. .Asthma severity with PEFR 50–79% predicted, nighttime symptoms
>1×/week:.
Moderate persistent → ICS + LABA
8. .COPD GOLD Group D treatment (high symptoms + high risk):.
LAMA + LABA + ICS (triple therapy)
, #### Hematology / Oncology Emergencies
9. .Tumor lysis labs:.
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
10. .Sickle cell acute chest syndrome treatment:.
Oxygen, pain control, incentive spirometry, empiric antibiotics,
transfusion/exchange if severe
#### GI / Liver
11. .Child-Pugh C cirrhosis + variceal bleed:.
Octreotide + ceftriaxone + urgent EGD banding + non-selective beta-
blocker for secondary prophylaxis
12. .Hepatic encephalopathy treatment ladder:.
Lactulose (goal 2–3 stools/day) → rifaximin
#### Neuro
13. .Ischemic stroke within 4.5 hrs, no hemorrhage on CT:.
Alteplase (tPA) 0.9 mg/kg if no contraindications
14. .Status epilepticus >5 min:.
