HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Review UPDATED/ HESIA2 Anatomy & Physiology Review NEW- Download 100% Reliable Questions and Answers to Score A

HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Review UPDATED Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory? Pharynx 2. A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in . Arm 3. Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone? Hyoid 4. Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands? They secrete chemicals into the blood 5. Diet is important because bone are storage places for: Calcium and phosphorous 6. Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system? . 7. Ligaments provides with connection? 8. What structure conduct urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder? 9. Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by with molecule? 10. As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood? 11. Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process? 12. When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:. 13. Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward? 14. Which structure is a ball and socket joint? 15. Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes? What are like cells grouped together called? 16. The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery? 17. Ceruminous glands secrete. What type of synovial joint is the elbow? 18. What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased Cardiac output 19. Where does digestion begin in the digestive system? Oral cavity 20. Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell? The cell membrane 21. The mediastinum is located within which cavity? Thoracic 22. What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter? Involved with mood, anxiety and sleep 23. What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted? . Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate 24. What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)? . Play role in blood clotting 25. Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity? Vastus lateralis 26. Which structure is located on the sternum. Xiphoid process 27. The occipital region is located in which part of the body? Head 28. Which structure carries oxygen to the cells? Hemoglobin 29. Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland"? Pituitary Gland 30. Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures? Ligament 31. What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis? Eccrine gland 32. Which statement are true about bone? Osteoblast, epiphyseal, diaphysis 33. Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body? Eye 34. The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body? Ear 35. Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body? Foot 36. Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs? Pulmonary vein 37. Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning? Temporal lobe 38. What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing? Cochlea 39. Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure? Fallopian tubes 40. Where is the tubialis anterior muscle located? Lower leg 41. An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area? External ear canals 42. The mitral value is located between which two structures? Left ventricle & Left atrium 43. The olfactory nerves is associate in which sense? Smell 44. Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart? Vena cava 45. Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries? Estrogen & progesterone 46. Plane divides the body into right and left sides? Sagittal 47. Two principles divisions that makeup nervous system? Peripheral (PNS) & Central (CNS) 48. The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing? Epiphsis 49. Part of the brain attaches to spinal cord? Medulla oblongata 50. Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body? Abduction 51. Structure provides a pulse reading in the neck? Carotid Artery 52. Which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland? Oxytocin 53. What is the primary function of the hemoglobin (blood)? Carry oxygen 54. What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function? rise in CO2; Fall in o2 55. Which condition causes a client to say "I can't see far away"? Nearsightedness 56. Anaerobic respiration can lead to burning sensation caused by which molecule? lactic acid 57. Golgi apparatus functions as? process protein secreation. synthesize carbs and ycoproteins 58. What organ produces insulin? panceas 59. What effects do serotonin has or neurotransmitters? appetite, sleep, mood 60. Fertilization occurs in the? oviduct 61. When drawing blood from antecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood? median cubital 62. What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty? Testosterone and estrogen 63. Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change? alkalosis 64. What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning? Temporal 65. What is the function of the hypothalamus regulates function of body, balance, thermoreg 66. How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain? 4 67. When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called? osmosis 68. What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body? body become more acidic 69. What plane divides the body from left to right? sagittal plane 70. What part of the body is the lower back? lumbar 71. High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest? Potassium 72. What blood vessel prefuses the kidney? Renal vein 73. What glad is located on the anterior surface of the trachea? Thyroid Gland 74. In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis? macrophages, neutrophils 75. What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord? medulla oblongata 76. What structure of the eye picks out color? retina 77. What is the outer most protective layer of the skin? Epidermis 78. The organ of corti is located in? Ear 79. Where in the body are nutrients absorbed? Small intestine 80. What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell? Plasma membrane 81. The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to? Synthesize protein 82. What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted? water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate 83. Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in? Protein 84. What is the definition of chyme? bolus that turns into soupy substance. The result of action by the stomach. 85. What are hormones? chemical messengers 86. What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, progesterone: ovaries 87. What structure is located in the upper airways? nose, pharynx 88. What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules? Cilia 89. Which is a hollow organ? gall bladder 90. Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group? Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, vastus medilis, vastus intermedius 91. Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function? medulla oblongata 92. The Mitral valve is located between which two structures? left atrium left ventricle 93. Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland? ADH and OT 94. Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect? Head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure 95. Which structure produces B-lymphocytes? red bone marrow 96. What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased? Blood pressure rises, goose bumps 97. The buttocks are which surface of the body? dorsal 98. The esophagus is located in which body cavity? thoracic 99. The tympanic membrane is located between which structures? external auditory canal and middle ear 100. How many days is the average menstrual cycle? 28 days 101. Which structure produces T-lymphocytes? thymas 104. person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area? arm -inability to adduct arms and fingers 102. Calcaneus is located in? foot 103. Urinary system in the human body primary task is to? expel waste 104. Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? Corpus luteum 105. what are fingerprints made of. Friction Ridges dac 106. ABCD of cancer? Melanoma 107. which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found: pelvic region 108. which one increases angle at the joint: extensor 111. which hormone is release by posterior lobe: oxytocin. 112. order of organization of living things: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere. 113. what bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification: flat bone of face and cranial 114. most obvious skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma 115. active transport: requires energy and work from cell 116. passive transport and examples: doesn't require energy ex. diffusion and osmosis 117. Diffusion: The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. 118. osmosis: movement of water across a membrane 119. fibrous joint: immoveable and held together by ligaments only (ex. teeth in socket) 120. cartilaginous: connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage 121. synovial joints: highly moveable; hinge, pivot, saddle 122. two types of asexual reproduction: binary fission and mitosis 123. eustachian tube: links the nasopharynx to the middle ear 124. calciferol is controlled by: parathyroid 125. sebaceous gland: secretes oil 126. endocytosis: engulfs and brings in 127. exocytosis: fuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell 128. pituitary gland produces: adrenocorticotropic hormone; GH 129. adrenal gland secretes: cortisol and aldosterone 130. Aerobic respiration takes place in: the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy. 131. Anaerobic respiration also produces: energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen. 132. What part of the respiratory system is I the upper respiratory? Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli 133. aerobic respiration happens in presence of: oxygen 134. soft spot on baby head: fontanelle 135. what do endocrine hormones do: growth, metabolism, sexual development and function 136. ayers of epidermis (outer to inner): corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale can lily grant serena boys 137. top of sternum: manubrium 138. parts of sternum: manibrium, body, xiphoid 139. what makes up most plasma: water 140. polypeptide are: chains of amino acids 141. Mitosis- the process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two "daughter" cells in a process called cytokinesis 142. Meiosis: to make haploid gametes and the production of germs cells 143. Photosynthesis- precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct. 144. the ribs are attached to: the sternum 145. auricle: a thin pouch in the heart 146. inspiration: expands thoracic cavity 147. seperates abdominal and thoracic cavity: diagram 148. distal convulted tubule controlled by: PTH 149. HCL chemical in stomach, why not absorbed/ harm stomach= mucus lining protects 150. heart with largest layer: left ventricle 151. what makes colors of the skin: melanin and melanocytes 152. distal convoluted tubule works with hormone: ADH 153. oxytocin: produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary 154. ligament: bone to bone 155. tendon: bone to muscle 156. osteocytes: bone forming cells 157. 4 steps of bone ossification: hematoma formation, callus formation, ossification, bone remodeling 158. gallbladder is part of: digestive system 159. vastus lateralis: extends knee and stabilizes 160. muscle contraction that moves food thru digestive tract: peristalsis 161. where are schwann cells: nervous system 162. how does nervous system work with muscular: tells muscles how to respond to environment 163. somatic nervous system: voluntary movements 164. autonomic nervous system: involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) 165. which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth: endocrine 166. how does lymph work with circulatory: lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels 167. function of parathyroid: activation of vitamin D 168. what is a normal beat: 72 bpm 120 over 80 169. how is pepsin used in the body: breakdown proteins 170. esophagus is part of the: digestive system 171. which system produces antibodies: lymphatic 172. blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to heart uscle returns to right atrium via coronary sinus 173. diploid: 46 chromosomes 174. haploid: 23 chromosomes 175. skeletal system function: 1. Protection. 2. Movement. 3. mineral storage. 4. production of blood 176. efferent: away from CNS 177. afferent: toward CNS 178. Ovum: a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell. 179. Gamete: a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. 180. capillaries: carry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients oxygen and waste 181. What is the exchang eof gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? A. External respiration 182. Most of the carbondioxide in the blood does which of the following? It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. 183. what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? C. Production of gametes and production of hormones 184. which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs: connective 185. what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion: eccrine glands 186. All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? neurons 187. monocytes: becomes macrophages 188. lymphocytes: important in immune system 189. neutrophils: phagocytize microorganisms 190. in order for inhalation to occur: contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air 191. functional units of the kidney: nephrons 192. when boxer gets hit and has deviated septum? vomer (in nose) 193. Where does fertilization occur? fallopian tubes 194. cellular contact is important for: wound healing 195. most abundant tissue: connective tissue