ESTUDYR
NACE FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 2025/26 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. Proper PPE for contact precautions (C. diff, wound drainage) includes:
A. Surgical mask only
B. N95 respirator and gown
C. Gown and gloves
D. Face shield and booties
Rationale: Contact precautions require gown + gloves to prevent direct/indirect
transmission.
2. Proper PPE for droplet precautions requires:
A. Gown and N95 respirator
B. Gloves only
C. Surgical mask within ~3 ft of patient
D. Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)
Rationale: Droplet pathogens are spread by large droplets—surgical mask protects
within close distance.
3. Proper PPE for airborne precautions (TB) includes:
A. Surgical mask and gown
B. Gloves and face shield
C. N95 respirator and negative-pressure room
D. Standard precautions only
Rationale: Airborne particles require N95 (or higher) and negative pressure isolation.
4. Which illnesses require droplet precautions?
A. TB and varicella
B. Measles and SARS
C. Pertussis, influenza, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis
D. C. diff and MRSA
Rationale: Those diseases spread by large respiratory droplets.
5. Which illnesses require airborne precautions?
A. Influenza, pertussis
B. Measles, SARS, varicella, TB
C. C. diff, norovirus
D. Cellulitis, UTI
Rationale: These spread via small aerosolized particles that remain suspended.
,ESTUDYR
6. When removing a wound dressing, you should remove from:
A. Outer to inner edges
B. Bottom to top only
C. Clean area toward contaminated area
D. Always away from the wound center first
Rationale: Moving from clean → dirty minimizes contamination to clean tissue.
7. How to draw urine from an indwelling catheter for culture:
A. Disconnect tubing and catch with cup
B. Clamp bag and draw from drainage bag port
C. Take perineal sample with pad
D. Swab the catheter port with antiseptic, insert needle, aspirate urine into syringe
Rationale: Aseptic aspiration from sampling port avoids contamination.
8. Which insulin can be given IV in emergencies?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin detemir
C. Humulin R (regular insulin)
D. Insulin glulisine (never IV)
Rationale: Regular insulin is suitable for IV administration; long-acting analogs are not.
9. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is a:
A. Antiplatelet agent
B. Thrombolytic
C. Direct oral anticoagulant
D. Low molecular weight heparin (anticoagulant)
Rationale: Enoxaparin is LMWH used for prophylaxis/treatment of thromboembolism.
10. Gas-forming foods commonly include:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Dairy only
C. Legumes (beans, lentils)
D. Leafy greens only
Rationale: Legumes contain oligosaccharides that ferment and produce gas.
11. When cleansing an ulcer, clean direction should be:
A. Outward to inward
B. Side to side
C. Innermost point (cleanest) outward (to more contaminated)
, ESTUDYR
D. Top to bottom only
Rationale: Clean → dirty technique reduces infection risk to wound base.
12. If a nurse gives the wrong medication, the nurse should:
A. Wait for patient reaction then decide
B. No action if patient seems fine
C. Notify the prescriber/PCP and follow facility policy (document/report)
D. Tell family only
Rationale: Medication errors must be reported immediately and managed per protocol.
13. A trough level of a drug is:
A. The highest concentration after a dose
B. The average of two peaks
C. The mid-dose concentration
D. The lowest blood concentration, typically just before the next dose
Rationale: Troughs are measured immediately prior to next dose to ensure therapeutic
but not toxic levels.
14. If a medication is given once daily, when should the nurse check trough levels?
A. 1 hour after dose
B. Midday
C. Immediately before the next scheduled dose
D. Right after administration
Rationale: Trough measured just before dosing reflects lowest systemic level.
15. When a patient refuses medication, the nurse’s first action is to:
A. Force administration under restraints
B. Dismiss the patient complaint
C. Listen to the patient’s reason for refusal and assess understanding
D. Call security
Rationale: Respect autonomy—assess concerns/education and document refusal.
16. First-line nonpharmacologic interventions for insomnia include:
A. High-dose sleeping pills nightly
B. Late afternoon naps
C. Warm bath, regular bedtime routine, exercise earlier in day
D. Drinking alcohol before bed
Rationale: Sleep hygiene measures promote sleep onset and quality.
17. Clinical manifestations of sleep apnea often include:
A. Early morning hyperalertness
NACE FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 2025/26 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. Proper PPE for contact precautions (C. diff, wound drainage) includes:
A. Surgical mask only
B. N95 respirator and gown
C. Gown and gloves
D. Face shield and booties
Rationale: Contact precautions require gown + gloves to prevent direct/indirect
transmission.
2. Proper PPE for droplet precautions requires:
A. Gown and N95 respirator
B. Gloves only
C. Surgical mask within ~3 ft of patient
D. Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)
Rationale: Droplet pathogens are spread by large droplets—surgical mask protects
within close distance.
3. Proper PPE for airborne precautions (TB) includes:
A. Surgical mask and gown
B. Gloves and face shield
C. N95 respirator and negative-pressure room
D. Standard precautions only
Rationale: Airborne particles require N95 (or higher) and negative pressure isolation.
4. Which illnesses require droplet precautions?
A. TB and varicella
B. Measles and SARS
C. Pertussis, influenza, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis
D. C. diff and MRSA
Rationale: Those diseases spread by large respiratory droplets.
5. Which illnesses require airborne precautions?
A. Influenza, pertussis
B. Measles, SARS, varicella, TB
C. C. diff, norovirus
D. Cellulitis, UTI
Rationale: These spread via small aerosolized particles that remain suspended.
,ESTUDYR
6. When removing a wound dressing, you should remove from:
A. Outer to inner edges
B. Bottom to top only
C. Clean area toward contaminated area
D. Always away from the wound center first
Rationale: Moving from clean → dirty minimizes contamination to clean tissue.
7. How to draw urine from an indwelling catheter for culture:
A. Disconnect tubing and catch with cup
B. Clamp bag and draw from drainage bag port
C. Take perineal sample with pad
D. Swab the catheter port with antiseptic, insert needle, aspirate urine into syringe
Rationale: Aseptic aspiration from sampling port avoids contamination.
8. Which insulin can be given IV in emergencies?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin detemir
C. Humulin R (regular insulin)
D. Insulin glulisine (never IV)
Rationale: Regular insulin is suitable for IV administration; long-acting analogs are not.
9. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is a:
A. Antiplatelet agent
B. Thrombolytic
C. Direct oral anticoagulant
D. Low molecular weight heparin (anticoagulant)
Rationale: Enoxaparin is LMWH used for prophylaxis/treatment of thromboembolism.
10. Gas-forming foods commonly include:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Dairy only
C. Legumes (beans, lentils)
D. Leafy greens only
Rationale: Legumes contain oligosaccharides that ferment and produce gas.
11. When cleansing an ulcer, clean direction should be:
A. Outward to inward
B. Side to side
C. Innermost point (cleanest) outward (to more contaminated)
, ESTUDYR
D. Top to bottom only
Rationale: Clean → dirty technique reduces infection risk to wound base.
12. If a nurse gives the wrong medication, the nurse should:
A. Wait for patient reaction then decide
B. No action if patient seems fine
C. Notify the prescriber/PCP and follow facility policy (document/report)
D. Tell family only
Rationale: Medication errors must be reported immediately and managed per protocol.
13. A trough level of a drug is:
A. The highest concentration after a dose
B. The average of two peaks
C. The mid-dose concentration
D. The lowest blood concentration, typically just before the next dose
Rationale: Troughs are measured immediately prior to next dose to ensure therapeutic
but not toxic levels.
14. If a medication is given once daily, when should the nurse check trough levels?
A. 1 hour after dose
B. Midday
C. Immediately before the next scheduled dose
D. Right after administration
Rationale: Trough measured just before dosing reflects lowest systemic level.
15. When a patient refuses medication, the nurse’s first action is to:
A. Force administration under restraints
B. Dismiss the patient complaint
C. Listen to the patient’s reason for refusal and assess understanding
D. Call security
Rationale: Respect autonomy—assess concerns/education and document refusal.
16. First-line nonpharmacologic interventions for insomnia include:
A. High-dose sleeping pills nightly
B. Late afternoon naps
C. Warm bath, regular bedtime routine, exercise earlier in day
D. Drinking alcohol before bed
Rationale: Sleep hygiene measures promote sleep onset and quality.
17. Clinical manifestations of sleep apnea often include:
A. Early morning hyperalertness
