3020 Exam 3 with correct answers ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
hypotonic
less concentrated than blood (pushes fluid)
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cell swells ||\\||\\
hypertonic
more concentrated than blood (pulls fluid)
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cell shrinks ||\\||\\
isotonic
same concentration as blood ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
no change
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Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV and REHYDRATES cell ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.45% NaCl (1/2 normal saline) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV; does NOT enter cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.9% NaCl (NS) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Isotonic when first enters vein; dextrose enters cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
rapidly, leaving free water, which DILUTES ECF; most of the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
water then enters cells by osmosis
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Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Hypertonic when first enters vein; dextrose enters ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cell rapidly, leaving free water, which DILUTES ECF, most of the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
water then enters cells by osmosis
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Dextrose 10% in water (D10W) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV and REHYDRATES cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.225% NaCl (1/4 NS) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypertonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: DRAWS water from cells into ECF by osmosis ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
3% or 5% NaCl (hypertonic saline)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Dextrose ENTERS cells rapidly, leaving 0.9% NaCl ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline (1/2 NS; D50.45% NaCl)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: contains Na+, K+, CA2+, Cl-, and lactate, which liver ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
metabolizes to HCO3-; expands ECV; does NOT enter cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Lactated Ringer (LR) solution ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Dextrose ENTERS cell rapidly, leaving LR ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Dextrose 5% in LR (D5LR) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
7.35-7.45
pH
35-45 mmHg ||\\||\\
PaCO2
22-28 mEq/L ||\\||\\
HCO3
80-100 mmHg ||\\||\\
PaO2
◦ CANNOT be delegated to UAP
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
◦ Use Aseptic Non Touch Technique ANTT
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hypotonic
less concentrated than blood (pushes fluid)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cell swells ||\\||\\
hypertonic
more concentrated than blood (pulls fluid)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cell shrinks ||\\||\\
isotonic
same concentration as blood ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
no change
||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV and REHYDRATES cell ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.45% NaCl (1/2 normal saline) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV; does NOT enter cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.9% NaCl (NS) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Isotonic when first enters vein; dextrose enters cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
rapidly, leaving free water, which DILUTES ECF; most of the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
water then enters cells by osmosis
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Hypertonic when first enters vein; dextrose enters ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cell rapidly, leaving free water, which DILUTES ECF, most of the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
water then enters cells by osmosis
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Dextrose 10% in water (D10W) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: expands ECV and REHYDRATES cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
0.225% NaCl (1/4 NS) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypertonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: DRAWS water from cells into ECF by osmosis ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
3% or 5% NaCl (hypertonic saline)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: hypotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Dextrose ENTERS cells rapidly, leaving 0.9% NaCl ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
, Dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline (1/2 NS; D50.45% NaCl)
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: contains Na+, K+, CA2+, Cl-, and lactate, which liver ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
metabolizes to HCO3-; expands ECV; does NOT enter cells ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Lactated Ringer (LR) solution ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Effective concentration in body: isotonic ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Comments: Dextrose ENTERS cell rapidly, leaving LR ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Dextrose 5% in LR (D5LR) ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
7.35-7.45
pH
35-45 mmHg ||\\||\\
PaCO2
22-28 mEq/L ||\\||\\
HCO3
80-100 mmHg ||\\||\\
PaO2
◦ CANNOT be delegated to UAP
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
◦ Use Aseptic Non Touch Technique ANTT
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
