2025 – 2026 WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
COMPOUND - ANSWERS-A pure substance composed of two
or more elements whose composition is constant. For
example, table salt (sodium chloride, NaCI) is a compound.
CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION - ANSWERS-(1) A buildup
of retained particles on the membrane surface due to
dewatering of the feed closest to the membrane. The
thickness of the concentration polarization layer is
controlled by the flow velocity across the membrane. (2)
Used in corrosion studies to indicate a depletion of ions
,near an electrode. (3) The basis for chemical analysis by a
polarograph.
CONDITIONING - ANSWERS-Pretreatment of sludge to
facilitate removal of water in subsequent treatment
processes.
CONDUCTANCE - ANSWERS-A rapid method of estimating
the dissolved solids content of a water supply. The
measurement indicates the capacity of a sample of water to
carry an electric current, which is related to the
concentration of ionized substances in the water. Also called
SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE.
CAVITATION - ANSWERS-The formation and collapse of a gas
pocket or bubble on the blade of an impeller or the gate of a
valve. The collapse of chis gas pocket or b u bble drives
water into the impeller or gate with a terrific force chat can
knock mecal particles off and cause piecing on the impeller
or gate surface. Cavitation is accompanied by loud noises
chat sound like someone is pounding on the impeller or
gace with a hammer.
CENTRATE - ANSWERS-The water leaving a centrifuge after
most of the solids have been removed.
,CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - ANSWERS-A pump consisting of an
impeller fixed on a rotating shaft that is enclosed in a casing,
and having an inlet and discharge connection. As the
rotating impeller whirls the liquid around, centrifugal force
builds up enough pressure co force the water through the
discharge outlet.
CENTRIFUGE - ANSWERS-A mechanical device chat uses
centrifugal or rotational forces to separate solids from
liquids.
CHARGE CHEMISTRY - ANSWERS-A branch of chemistry in
which the destabilization and neutralization reactions occur
between stable, negatively charged and stable, positively
charged particles.
Absorption - ANSWERS-The taking in or soaking up of one
substance into the body of another by molecular or
chemical action
Acid rain - ANSWERS-Precipitation that has been rendered
acidic by airborne pollutants
, Acidic - ANSWERS-The condition of water or soil that
contains a sufficient amount of acid substances to lower the
pH below 7.0
Acidification - ANSWERS-The addition of an acid (nitric or
sulfuric) to a sample to lower the pH below 2.0. The
purpose of acidification is to fix a sample so it will not
change until it is analyzed.
Acre-Foot - ANSWERS-A volume of water that covers 1 acre
to a depth of 1 foot, or 43,560 cubic feet
Activated Alumina - ANSWERS-A charged form of aluminum,
used with a synthetic, porous media in an ion exchange
adsorption process to remove charged contaminants
Activated Carbon - ANSWERS-Adsorptive particles or
granules of carbon usually obtained by heating carbon (ie
wood). These particles or granules have a high capacity to
selectively remove certain trace and soluble materials from
water.
Adsorbate - ANSWERS-The material being removed by the
adsorption process.
SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
COMPOUND - ANSWERS-A pure substance composed of two
or more elements whose composition is constant. For
example, table salt (sodium chloride, NaCI) is a compound.
CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION - ANSWERS-(1) A buildup
of retained particles on the membrane surface due to
dewatering of the feed closest to the membrane. The
thickness of the concentration polarization layer is
controlled by the flow velocity across the membrane. (2)
Used in corrosion studies to indicate a depletion of ions
,near an electrode. (3) The basis for chemical analysis by a
polarograph.
CONDITIONING - ANSWERS-Pretreatment of sludge to
facilitate removal of water in subsequent treatment
processes.
CONDUCTANCE - ANSWERS-A rapid method of estimating
the dissolved solids content of a water supply. The
measurement indicates the capacity of a sample of water to
carry an electric current, which is related to the
concentration of ionized substances in the water. Also called
SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE.
CAVITATION - ANSWERS-The formation and collapse of a gas
pocket or bubble on the blade of an impeller or the gate of a
valve. The collapse of chis gas pocket or b u bble drives
water into the impeller or gate with a terrific force chat can
knock mecal particles off and cause piecing on the impeller
or gate surface. Cavitation is accompanied by loud noises
chat sound like someone is pounding on the impeller or
gace with a hammer.
CENTRATE - ANSWERS-The water leaving a centrifuge after
most of the solids have been removed.
,CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - ANSWERS-A pump consisting of an
impeller fixed on a rotating shaft that is enclosed in a casing,
and having an inlet and discharge connection. As the
rotating impeller whirls the liquid around, centrifugal force
builds up enough pressure co force the water through the
discharge outlet.
CENTRIFUGE - ANSWERS-A mechanical device chat uses
centrifugal or rotational forces to separate solids from
liquids.
CHARGE CHEMISTRY - ANSWERS-A branch of chemistry in
which the destabilization and neutralization reactions occur
between stable, negatively charged and stable, positively
charged particles.
Absorption - ANSWERS-The taking in or soaking up of one
substance into the body of another by molecular or
chemical action
Acid rain - ANSWERS-Precipitation that has been rendered
acidic by airborne pollutants
, Acidic - ANSWERS-The condition of water or soil that
contains a sufficient amount of acid substances to lower the
pH below 7.0
Acidification - ANSWERS-The addition of an acid (nitric or
sulfuric) to a sample to lower the pH below 2.0. The
purpose of acidification is to fix a sample so it will not
change until it is analyzed.
Acre-Foot - ANSWERS-A volume of water that covers 1 acre
to a depth of 1 foot, or 43,560 cubic feet
Activated Alumina - ANSWERS-A charged form of aluminum,
used with a synthetic, porous media in an ion exchange
adsorption process to remove charged contaminants
Activated Carbon - ANSWERS-Adsorptive particles or
granules of carbon usually obtained by heating carbon (ie
wood). These particles or granules have a high capacity to
selectively remove certain trace and soluble materials from
water.
Adsorbate - ANSWERS-The material being removed by the
adsorption process.
