COMM/RELS 257 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4udjdl
1. Dewey - Art is created each time someone has an experience
- Aesthetic experience - perceiving, enjoying art/beauty; a set of principles under-
lying and guiding the work of an artist or art movement; sensation or perception
- Art as communication/language; window to another culture
2. Firth's Method 1. Surface: describe what you see
2. Intended Meaning: author explicit intent/what are they selling? How do they sell
it?; lifestyle/consumer oriented; product oriented
3. Cultural/Ideological Meaning: relies on cultural background; can be uninten-
tional
3. Plato - Theory of forms: abstract/perfect; transcendent of this world
- Art is a copy of an imperfect copy
- Mimesis - imitation
- Ban artists from the state
- Tragedy confuses audiences because of values; virtues are not always reward
4. Aristotle - Tragedies are good: catharsis - emotional cleansing of spectator
- Prefers tragedies where good people mistakenly do bad things
5. Danto - Andy Warhol's Brillo Boxes: no way art has to look; no right way to make art;
difference between art and non-art is not visual, but conceptual; meaning is a
matter for philosophers to discover - no way that art should look
- Open Theory - anything can be art
- Art embodies meaning; can communicate thoughts and feelings through a
physical meaning
- Art and philosophy are linked together; not independent spheres; when philos-
ophy was dealing with pluralism, art is as well
- Modern art - artists choosing a medium and stuck with it; "this form is the best
form of art and it's going to lead to a greater thing"; picked a particular style and
argued that this style is the best way one should depict art
6.
1/8
, COMM/RELS 257 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4udjdl
Berger, Ways of - Mystification: uses what we don't know to fabricate meaning/value; taking what
Seeing is plainly obvious and obfuscating; who has access to art?
- Art (oil painting specifically) - spectator is owner; shows what we already possess
- Nudes -> women can be consumed; the way a woman is presented is who she is
- Reproduction of Art: fragment meaning/distort; changes context (can be seen in
anything); gives $ value to the original
- Photography -> moment frozen in time
- Advertising -> envy -> we desire to be envied by others; glamour
- Depiction of poor as happy/depraved -> deserving of one's station
7. Theory of Multi- - Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interperson-
ple Intelligences al (between people; social intelligence; networking), intra-personal (self-aware-
ness)
- Visual literacy -> ability to decode image; read/write; less susceptible to persua-
sion/manipulation
- Images -> emotional impact
- Surrounded by images: ads -> work to both reflect/shape cultural values
8. Nietzche - Critiqued Wagner's "Parsifal: too Christian
- Likes tragedies because they reflect the world as it is
9. Perspective -> so- - Primitive Art: no rectangular orientation, no fixed point; images floating in space;
cially constructed not naturalistic; showed identifiable attributes/key features
- Egyptian Art: frozen in time, link between humans and eternal space; linear,
shows both frontal and side view; symbolic nature; want to look as distinguished
as possible; scale shows social importance rather than size; showing relationship
between humans and inner space (divine/eternal); sense of the eternal
- Greek Art: foreshortening - shows movement through space; able to see muscular
aspects of the body; Plato - argues that artists should be banished, art is a copy of
an imperfect copy
- Renaissance: fixed perspective; atmospheric perspective; perspective of the view-
er; vanishing point - without it we can't have the concept of infinity; mean of
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4udjdl
1. Dewey - Art is created each time someone has an experience
- Aesthetic experience - perceiving, enjoying art/beauty; a set of principles under-
lying and guiding the work of an artist or art movement; sensation or perception
- Art as communication/language; window to another culture
2. Firth's Method 1. Surface: describe what you see
2. Intended Meaning: author explicit intent/what are they selling? How do they sell
it?; lifestyle/consumer oriented; product oriented
3. Cultural/Ideological Meaning: relies on cultural background; can be uninten-
tional
3. Plato - Theory of forms: abstract/perfect; transcendent of this world
- Art is a copy of an imperfect copy
- Mimesis - imitation
- Ban artists from the state
- Tragedy confuses audiences because of values; virtues are not always reward
4. Aristotle - Tragedies are good: catharsis - emotional cleansing of spectator
- Prefers tragedies where good people mistakenly do bad things
5. Danto - Andy Warhol's Brillo Boxes: no way art has to look; no right way to make art;
difference between art and non-art is not visual, but conceptual; meaning is a
matter for philosophers to discover - no way that art should look
- Open Theory - anything can be art
- Art embodies meaning; can communicate thoughts and feelings through a
physical meaning
- Art and philosophy are linked together; not independent spheres; when philos-
ophy was dealing with pluralism, art is as well
- Modern art - artists choosing a medium and stuck with it; "this form is the best
form of art and it's going to lead to a greater thing"; picked a particular style and
argued that this style is the best way one should depict art
6.
1/8
, COMM/RELS 257 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4udjdl
Berger, Ways of - Mystification: uses what we don't know to fabricate meaning/value; taking what
Seeing is plainly obvious and obfuscating; who has access to art?
- Art (oil painting specifically) - spectator is owner; shows what we already possess
- Nudes -> women can be consumed; the way a woman is presented is who she is
- Reproduction of Art: fragment meaning/distort; changes context (can be seen in
anything); gives $ value to the original
- Photography -> moment frozen in time
- Advertising -> envy -> we desire to be envied by others; glamour
- Depiction of poor as happy/depraved -> deserving of one's station
7. Theory of Multi- - Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interperson-
ple Intelligences al (between people; social intelligence; networking), intra-personal (self-aware-
ness)
- Visual literacy -> ability to decode image; read/write; less susceptible to persua-
sion/manipulation
- Images -> emotional impact
- Surrounded by images: ads -> work to both reflect/shape cultural values
8. Nietzche - Critiqued Wagner's "Parsifal: too Christian
- Likes tragedies because they reflect the world as it is
9. Perspective -> so- - Primitive Art: no rectangular orientation, no fixed point; images floating in space;
cially constructed not naturalistic; showed identifiable attributes/key features
- Egyptian Art: frozen in time, link between humans and eternal space; linear,
shows both frontal and side view; symbolic nature; want to look as distinguished
as possible; scale shows social importance rather than size; showing relationship
between humans and inner space (divine/eternal); sense of the eternal
- Greek Art: foreshortening - shows movement through space; able to see muscular
aspects of the body; Plato - argues that artists should be banished, art is a copy of
an imperfect copy
- Renaissance: fixed perspective; atmospheric perspective; perspective of the view-
er; vanishing point - without it we can't have the concept of infinity; mean of
2/8
