US Health Care Systems (Quizzes/ Exams Answers)
The development that contributed most significantly to the decline of the social mission of
voluntary hospitals was the - -Enactment of private and public insurance reimbursement
for hospital care
-The Medicaid program has a history of very low reimbursement as compared with
Medicare reimbursement; critics site low Medicaid reimbursement as a major reason that
primary care doctors have rejected serving the Medicaid population. An ACA provision
addresses this issue by: - -Reimbursing states for primary care physician fees for Medicaid
patients at no less than100% of Medicare payment rates
-Integrated health systems or ____________ have been a key provision in the ACA; these
systems better coordinate care and improve quality - -Accountable Care Organizations
-Which of the following is synonymous with an EHR? - -None of the above
-U.S. annual health care expenditures far outstrip those of 7 other developed nations. In
relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status ranking on critical indicators
in comparison with those other developed nations is: - -Dismally lower
-The U.S. healthcare delivery system has numerous stakeholders. In terms of financial
power, control of delivery system parameters for the majority of Americans, and influence
on consumers and providers of health care, which of the following pairs of stakeholders is
the most influential: - -Government and private health insurers
-Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary
prevention refers to: - -health education and specific protection
-The service priorities of the U.S. health care system reflect America's fascination with
dramatic high-tech medicine. As a result: - -all of the above
-Americans spend $9 billion + each year on alternative and complementary therapies. This
trend has caused: - -many private insurers and Medicare and Medicaid to provide benefit
coverage for certain treatments
-In the past, patient behaviors within the health care delivery system were formed from
the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who expected patients to be
compliant and grateful. Today, health care providers and consumers: - -encourage more
proactive roles for patients' participation in health care decisions with "shared decision-
making"
-Potential conflicts of interest occur when physicians own or invest in businesses (e.g.
diagnostic, medical supply companies) to which they can refer patients to generate profits.
In response to these physician conflict of interest issues: - -The ACA includes "Sunshine
,provisions" require reporting of all financial transactions and transfers of value between
pharmaceutical/biologic product manufacturers and physicians, hospitals and other
entities reimbursed by the federal government
-In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to: - -Behavioral,
genetic, environmental and other factors that may contribute to an individual's likelihood
of contracting a disease
-Long term care needs of older, chronically ill Americans pose a particular delivery system
challenge because: - -Neither Medicare nor private insurance support ongoing, non-acute
services
-As early as the 19th century some Americans carried "health insurance" through
employers, fraternal orders, guilds, trade associations, unions or commercial insurance
companies. However unlike health insurance of today, these insurance policies only
provided for: - -Fixed payments to compensate for lost wages due to injury, sickness or
disability
-The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a response to which of the following? - -public
and professional concerns about painful and demeaning terminal medical care
-The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the following? -
-All of the above
-In its early origins in colonial America, the patient/physician relationship can be best
characterized as: - -Personal, confidential and simple with payments based on patients'
financial capacity
-Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades, was
modeled after: - -Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan
-A central provision of the ACA to assure health care coverage for most Americans is: - -
the individual mandate
-The major health care advances of the second half of the 20th century were in the area of:
- -vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious diseases, tranquilizers, the
birth control pill
-The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital insurance plans
suggested that the plans: - -Were unsound and unethical
-Two primary issues that concerned many regarding the ACA: - -individual mandate &
Medicaid expansion
-The goals of health information technology: - -Both A (improve health care quality) and B
(reduce health care costs)
, -Policies that call on the government to prescribe and control behavior of a group of
individuals in which sanctions are imposed for noncompliance: - -Regulatory
-A health information exchange architecture that is designed for all institutions to
periodically send copies of their clinical data to one central repository. - -Monolithic Model
-This level of prevention consists of rehabilitation and maximizing remaining functional
capacity when disease has occurred and left residual damage; the most costly, labor-
intensive aspect of medical care: - -Tertiary prevention
-This important Act in 1973 attempted to hold down costs by moving from fee-for-service
to promoting health and preventing illness: - -HMO Act of 1973
-This key Act provided financial incentive programs for physicians to buy, install and adopt
EHR systems. - -HITECH Act
-To receive incentive payments for demonstrating "meaningful use," providers must meet
criteria in three stages of EHR implementation. In what stage must providers meet
objectives for "capturing patient data and sharing data in a standardized format with
patients and other health care professionals?" - -Stage 1
-A physician who sends a prescription electronically to the pharmacy is an example of
which type of HIT? - -CPOE
-The US spends approximately what percentage of its GDP on health care? - -17%
-The US health care system is unlike any in the world because: - -Both A (it is fragmented)
& B (it is $2.7 trillion industry)
-Which of the following presents a key challenge or barrier to HIT implementation? - -All
of the above
-The explosion of scientific knowledge and technological advancement has led to a
shortage of: - -primary care providers
-As part of the ACA, health insurance companies will be held accountable by ensuring that
premium dollars are spent primarily on health care, by generally requiring that at least
_____% of all premium dollars collected by insurance companies for large employer plans
are spent on health care services and quality improvement. - -85%
-The use of wireless communication devices to support public health and clinical practice:
- -M-health
-Examples of alternative therapy: - -all of the above
The development that contributed most significantly to the decline of the social mission of
voluntary hospitals was the - -Enactment of private and public insurance reimbursement
for hospital care
-The Medicaid program has a history of very low reimbursement as compared with
Medicare reimbursement; critics site low Medicaid reimbursement as a major reason that
primary care doctors have rejected serving the Medicaid population. An ACA provision
addresses this issue by: - -Reimbursing states for primary care physician fees for Medicaid
patients at no less than100% of Medicare payment rates
-Integrated health systems or ____________ have been a key provision in the ACA; these
systems better coordinate care and improve quality - -Accountable Care Organizations
-Which of the following is synonymous with an EHR? - -None of the above
-U.S. annual health care expenditures far outstrip those of 7 other developed nations. In
relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status ranking on critical indicators
in comparison with those other developed nations is: - -Dismally lower
-The U.S. healthcare delivery system has numerous stakeholders. In terms of financial
power, control of delivery system parameters for the majority of Americans, and influence
on consumers and providers of health care, which of the following pairs of stakeholders is
the most influential: - -Government and private health insurers
-Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary
prevention refers to: - -health education and specific protection
-The service priorities of the U.S. health care system reflect America's fascination with
dramatic high-tech medicine. As a result: - -all of the above
-Americans spend $9 billion + each year on alternative and complementary therapies. This
trend has caused: - -many private insurers and Medicare and Medicaid to provide benefit
coverage for certain treatments
-In the past, patient behaviors within the health care delivery system were formed from
the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who expected patients to be
compliant and grateful. Today, health care providers and consumers: - -encourage more
proactive roles for patients' participation in health care decisions with "shared decision-
making"
-Potential conflicts of interest occur when physicians own or invest in businesses (e.g.
diagnostic, medical supply companies) to which they can refer patients to generate profits.
In response to these physician conflict of interest issues: - -The ACA includes "Sunshine
,provisions" require reporting of all financial transactions and transfers of value between
pharmaceutical/biologic product manufacturers and physicians, hospitals and other
entities reimbursed by the federal government
-In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to: - -Behavioral,
genetic, environmental and other factors that may contribute to an individual's likelihood
of contracting a disease
-Long term care needs of older, chronically ill Americans pose a particular delivery system
challenge because: - -Neither Medicare nor private insurance support ongoing, non-acute
services
-As early as the 19th century some Americans carried "health insurance" through
employers, fraternal orders, guilds, trade associations, unions or commercial insurance
companies. However unlike health insurance of today, these insurance policies only
provided for: - -Fixed payments to compensate for lost wages due to injury, sickness or
disability
-The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a response to which of the following? - -public
and professional concerns about painful and demeaning terminal medical care
-The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the following? -
-All of the above
-In its early origins in colonial America, the patient/physician relationship can be best
characterized as: - -Personal, confidential and simple with payments based on patients'
financial capacity
-Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades, was
modeled after: - -Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan
-A central provision of the ACA to assure health care coverage for most Americans is: - -
the individual mandate
-The major health care advances of the second half of the 20th century were in the area of:
- -vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious diseases, tranquilizers, the
birth control pill
-The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital insurance plans
suggested that the plans: - -Were unsound and unethical
-Two primary issues that concerned many regarding the ACA: - -individual mandate &
Medicaid expansion
-The goals of health information technology: - -Both A (improve health care quality) and B
(reduce health care costs)
, -Policies that call on the government to prescribe and control behavior of a group of
individuals in which sanctions are imposed for noncompliance: - -Regulatory
-A health information exchange architecture that is designed for all institutions to
periodically send copies of their clinical data to one central repository. - -Monolithic Model
-This level of prevention consists of rehabilitation and maximizing remaining functional
capacity when disease has occurred and left residual damage; the most costly, labor-
intensive aspect of medical care: - -Tertiary prevention
-This important Act in 1973 attempted to hold down costs by moving from fee-for-service
to promoting health and preventing illness: - -HMO Act of 1973
-This key Act provided financial incentive programs for physicians to buy, install and adopt
EHR systems. - -HITECH Act
-To receive incentive payments for demonstrating "meaningful use," providers must meet
criteria in three stages of EHR implementation. In what stage must providers meet
objectives for "capturing patient data and sharing data in a standardized format with
patients and other health care professionals?" - -Stage 1
-A physician who sends a prescription electronically to the pharmacy is an example of
which type of HIT? - -CPOE
-The US spends approximately what percentage of its GDP on health care? - -17%
-The US health care system is unlike any in the world because: - -Both A (it is fragmented)
& B (it is $2.7 trillion industry)
-Which of the following presents a key challenge or barrier to HIT implementation? - -All
of the above
-The explosion of scientific knowledge and technological advancement has led to a
shortage of: - -primary care providers
-As part of the ACA, health insurance companies will be held accountable by ensuring that
premium dollars are spent primarily on health care, by generally requiring that at least
_____% of all premium dollars collected by insurance companies for large employer plans
are spent on health care services and quality improvement. - -85%
-The use of wireless communication devices to support public health and clinical practice:
- -M-health
-Examples of alternative therapy: - -all of the above
