UCLA PSYCH 10 – Introduction to Psychology
(Final Exam Study Guide Questions and A+
Graded Answers, Professor Paquette-Smith,
2025/2026) – Complete Review Material
scapegoat theory - ANSWER -proses that when things go wrong, we find someone
else to blame to outlet our anger
biological influence - ANSWER -genetic influences - Y chromosome genetic
marker
neural influences - facilitate or inhibit aggression when provoked
biochemical influences - testosterone linked with irritability
frustration-aggression principle - ANSWER -frustrations creates anger, which
sparks aggression
anger triggers - ANSWER -hot temperature, physical pain, personal insults, foul
odors, cigarette smoke, crowding, and host of others
role of media in aggression - ANSWER -media portrayals of violence provide
social scripts for children to follow, viewing sexual violence contributes to greater
aggression toward women, playing violent games can increase aggressive thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors in some children
psychology of attraction - ANSWER -proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity
of attitudes and interests
passionate love - ANSWER -two-factor theory of emotion - emotions have two
ingredients -- physical arousal and cognitive appraisal.
arousal from any source can enhance an emotion, depending on how we interpret
and label arousal
sexual desire + growing attachment = passion of romantic love
, companionate love - ANSWER -passionate love does not endures, passion-fed
hormones (testosterone) gives way to oxytocin, attraction and sexual desire endure
without obsession of early-stage, equity is important to satisfying and enduring
relationship, self-disclosure deepens intimacy
altruism - ANSWER -unselfish concern for the welfare of others
bystander effect - ANSWER -less likely to give help when bystanders are around
social norms of helping - ANSWER -positive social norms encourage generosity
and enable group living
socialization norm - social expectation that prescribes how we should behave
reciprocity norm - expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by
returning benefits
social-responsibility norm - expectation that people should help those who depend
on them
emotions - ANSWER -adaptive responses that support survival
components of emotions - ANSWER -bodily arousal, expressive behaviors,
conscious experiences
James-Lange theory - ANSWER -experience of emotion involves awareness of
our physiological responses to emotion-arousal stimuli
Cannon-Bard theory - ANSWER -arousal and emotion happen at the same time
emotion - arousal simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the
subjective experience of emotion
human body responses run parallel to the cognitive responses rather than causing
them
Schacter and Singer two-factor theory - ANSWER -arousal + label = emotion
arousal fuels emotions; cognition channels it
emotional experience requires a conscious interpretation of arousal
, Zajonc and LeDoux / emotional response and cognition - ANSWER -emotion and
two-track brain
spillover effect - ANSWER -arousal from one event spills over to another event
Zajonc emotional response - ANSWER -sometimes emotional response takes
neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to amygdala
Lasarus emotional response - ANSWER -brain processes much information
without conscious awareness, but mental functioning still takes place
emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous
brain pathway of emotion - ANSWER -two-track theory: (1) some input travels to
the cortex via the thalamus for analysis and is then sent to the amygdala. (2) other
input travels down directly to the amygdala via the thalamus for an instant
emotional reaction
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER -sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
fight or flight response - ANSWER -automatically mobilizes the body for action
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -calming: pupils contract, salvation
increases, skin dries, respiration decreases, heart slows, digestion activates, adrenal
glands decrease secretion of stress hormones, immune-system functioning
enhanced
OCD - ANSWER -obsessions are the thoughts, compulsions are the behaviors
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -arousing: pupils dilate, salvation
decreases, skin perspires, respiration increases, heart accelerates, digestion inhibits,
adrenal glands secrete stress hormones, immune system functioning reduced
Western principles for detecting emotions in others - ANSWER -firm handshake:
outgoing, expressive personality
(Final Exam Study Guide Questions and A+
Graded Answers, Professor Paquette-Smith,
2025/2026) – Complete Review Material
scapegoat theory - ANSWER -proses that when things go wrong, we find someone
else to blame to outlet our anger
biological influence - ANSWER -genetic influences - Y chromosome genetic
marker
neural influences - facilitate or inhibit aggression when provoked
biochemical influences - testosterone linked with irritability
frustration-aggression principle - ANSWER -frustrations creates anger, which
sparks aggression
anger triggers - ANSWER -hot temperature, physical pain, personal insults, foul
odors, cigarette smoke, crowding, and host of others
role of media in aggression - ANSWER -media portrayals of violence provide
social scripts for children to follow, viewing sexual violence contributes to greater
aggression toward women, playing violent games can increase aggressive thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors in some children
psychology of attraction - ANSWER -proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity
of attitudes and interests
passionate love - ANSWER -two-factor theory of emotion - emotions have two
ingredients -- physical arousal and cognitive appraisal.
arousal from any source can enhance an emotion, depending on how we interpret
and label arousal
sexual desire + growing attachment = passion of romantic love
, companionate love - ANSWER -passionate love does not endures, passion-fed
hormones (testosterone) gives way to oxytocin, attraction and sexual desire endure
without obsession of early-stage, equity is important to satisfying and enduring
relationship, self-disclosure deepens intimacy
altruism - ANSWER -unselfish concern for the welfare of others
bystander effect - ANSWER -less likely to give help when bystanders are around
social norms of helping - ANSWER -positive social norms encourage generosity
and enable group living
socialization norm - social expectation that prescribes how we should behave
reciprocity norm - expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by
returning benefits
social-responsibility norm - expectation that people should help those who depend
on them
emotions - ANSWER -adaptive responses that support survival
components of emotions - ANSWER -bodily arousal, expressive behaviors,
conscious experiences
James-Lange theory - ANSWER -experience of emotion involves awareness of
our physiological responses to emotion-arousal stimuli
Cannon-Bard theory - ANSWER -arousal and emotion happen at the same time
emotion - arousal simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the
subjective experience of emotion
human body responses run parallel to the cognitive responses rather than causing
them
Schacter and Singer two-factor theory - ANSWER -arousal + label = emotion
arousal fuels emotions; cognition channels it
emotional experience requires a conscious interpretation of arousal
, Zajonc and LeDoux / emotional response and cognition - ANSWER -emotion and
two-track brain
spillover effect - ANSWER -arousal from one event spills over to another event
Zajonc emotional response - ANSWER -sometimes emotional response takes
neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to amygdala
Lasarus emotional response - ANSWER -brain processes much information
without conscious awareness, but mental functioning still takes place
emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous
brain pathway of emotion - ANSWER -two-track theory: (1) some input travels to
the cortex via the thalamus for analysis and is then sent to the amygdala. (2) other
input travels down directly to the amygdala via the thalamus for an instant
emotional reaction
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER -sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
fight or flight response - ANSWER -automatically mobilizes the body for action
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -calming: pupils contract, salvation
increases, skin dries, respiration decreases, heart slows, digestion activates, adrenal
glands decrease secretion of stress hormones, immune-system functioning
enhanced
OCD - ANSWER -obsessions are the thoughts, compulsions are the behaviors
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -arousing: pupils dilate, salvation
decreases, skin perspires, respiration increases, heart accelerates, digestion inhibits,
adrenal glands secrete stress hormones, immune system functioning reduced
Western principles for detecting emotions in others - ANSWER -firm handshake:
outgoing, expressive personality
