NURS 5433 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT
What is the CURB-65 criteria for hospitalizing pneumonia patients? - ANSWER -
Confusion, Urea > 7 mmol/L, RR > 30, SBP < 90 or DBP < 60, Age > 65.
What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in adults? - ANSWER -
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What are the common symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)? -
ANSWER -Cough, fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, malaise, fatigue, chills, chest
pain, sputum production, decreased breath sounds.
What are the common diagnostics for pneumonia? - ANSWER -CURB-65 or PSI,
chest X-ray, CBC, BUN, blood cultures.
What is the treatment regimen for outpatient pneumonia management? -
ANSWER -Amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolides like azithromycin or
clarithromycin.
What is the indication for using combination therapy in pneumonia treatment? -
ANSWER -For higher risk individuals or if antibiotics were used in the last 30
days.
What is the most common organism that causes death from pneumonia? -
ANSWER -Legionella pneumophila or certain viral pneumonias.
What age groups are at higher risk for chronic medical conditions? - ANSWER -
Individuals aged 65 and older or children with chronic medical conditions.
,What are some chronic medical conditions that increase risk for infectious
diseases? - ANSWER -Chronic heart, lung (asthma, COPD), kidney, liver disease,
diabetes, cancer, and immunosuppression (e.g., HIV).
What are the gram-positive bacteria that should be known? - ANSWER -
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus.
What class of antibiotics is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria? - ANSWER -Cephalosporins, with effectiveness varying by generation.
What are the characteristics of penicillins? - ANSWER -Effective against both
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Which antibiotics are known to treat anaerobes and pseudomonas? - ANSWER -
Carbapenems.
What types of infections are tetracyclines used to treat? - ANSWER -Infections
caused by protozoa, spirochetes, mycobacteria, and chlamydia.
What are the live vaccines that should not be given to immunocompromised
individuals? - ANSWER -Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), Varicella, Flu mist,
Rotavirus, and OPV (polio).
What is the recommended management for Kawasaki disease? - ANSWER -
Supportive care, detection of coronary artery disease, anti-inflammatory treatment,
and consultation with a cardiologist.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease? - ANSWER -Fever for 5
days, CBC showing left shift and mild anemia, elevated ESR and CRP, and sterile
pyuria.
What is the presentation of influenza in adults? - ANSWER -Fever, malaise,
myalgia, headache, anorexia, rhinitis, sore throat, and non-productive cough.
, What are the complications associated with influenza? - ANSWER -Pneumonia,
sinusitis, otitis media, myositis, pericarditis, and exacerbation of pre-existing
conditions.
What is the causative agent of Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -Human parvovirus
B19.
What is the characteristic rash associated with Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -A
bright, erythematous rash on cheeks and forehead, often described as a 'slapped
cheek' appearance.
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease in Stage 1? - ANSWER -Erythema
migrans (bull's eye rash), fever, malaise, headache, and neck stiffness.
What is the hallmark rash of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? - ANSWER -A
maculopapular rash that starts on palms and soles and becomes petechial.
What diagnostic tests are used for Lyme Disease? - ANSWER -Enzyme
immunoassay (EIA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and Western immunoblot
for antibodies.
What should be done if a tick is found on a patient? - ANSWER -Remove the tick
carefully and monitor for symptoms of tick-borne diseases.
What is the management for immunocompromised patients with Fifth Disease? -
ANSWER -Blood transfusions and IV immunoglobulin (IVIG).
What is the recommended vaccination for pregnant women? - ANSWER -All
pregnant women should receive the flu vaccine and Tdap with each pregnancy
after 20 weeks.
What is the significance of the MMR vaccine in relation to autism? - ANSWER -
MMR vaccine is not associated with autism.
, What is the presentation of flu in children? - ANSWER -Otitis media, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
What are the contraindications for receiving the flu vaccine? - ANSWER -
Pregnant or immunosuppressed individuals (can receive non-live vaccines).
What is the role of a nurse practitioner if a pregnant patient is exposed to
parvovirus B19? - ANSWER -Perform a B-19 assay and check for specific IgM
and IgG antibodies.
What is the management for regular patients with Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -
Usually no treatment, just rest, and follow-up only if complications arise.
What is the first step in removing a tick? - ANSWER -Grasp the tick as close to
the skin's surface as possible using clean fine-tipped tweezers.
What should you avoid doing when pulling a tick off? - ANSWER -Do not twist
or jerk the tick, as this can cause the mouthparts to break off and remain in the
skin.
How should you dispose of a live tick? - ANSWER -Place it in a sealed container,
wrap it tightly in tape, flush it down the toilet, or put it in alcohol.
What should you do after removing a tick? - ANSWER -Thoroughly clean the bite
area and your hands with soap and water, rubbing alcohol, or hand sanitizer.
What is the first-line antibiotic for treating Lyme disease in adults? - ANSWER -
Doxycycline, 100 mg PO BID for 14-21 days.
What is the recommended treatment for children with Lyme disease? - ANSWER
-Doxycycline, 4 mg/kg/day divided into BID dosing, with a maximum of 200
mg/day.
What should be given to pregnant females with Lyme disease? - ANSWER -
Amoxicillin, 500 mg TID for 14-21 days, with a maximum of 1.5 g/day.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT
What is the CURB-65 criteria for hospitalizing pneumonia patients? - ANSWER -
Confusion, Urea > 7 mmol/L, RR > 30, SBP < 90 or DBP < 60, Age > 65.
What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in adults? - ANSWER -
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What are the common symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)? -
ANSWER -Cough, fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, malaise, fatigue, chills, chest
pain, sputum production, decreased breath sounds.
What are the common diagnostics for pneumonia? - ANSWER -CURB-65 or PSI,
chest X-ray, CBC, BUN, blood cultures.
What is the treatment regimen for outpatient pneumonia management? -
ANSWER -Amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolides like azithromycin or
clarithromycin.
What is the indication for using combination therapy in pneumonia treatment? -
ANSWER -For higher risk individuals or if antibiotics were used in the last 30
days.
What is the most common organism that causes death from pneumonia? -
ANSWER -Legionella pneumophila or certain viral pneumonias.
What age groups are at higher risk for chronic medical conditions? - ANSWER -
Individuals aged 65 and older or children with chronic medical conditions.
,What are some chronic medical conditions that increase risk for infectious
diseases? - ANSWER -Chronic heart, lung (asthma, COPD), kidney, liver disease,
diabetes, cancer, and immunosuppression (e.g., HIV).
What are the gram-positive bacteria that should be known? - ANSWER -
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus.
What class of antibiotics is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria? - ANSWER -Cephalosporins, with effectiveness varying by generation.
What are the characteristics of penicillins? - ANSWER -Effective against both
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Which antibiotics are known to treat anaerobes and pseudomonas? - ANSWER -
Carbapenems.
What types of infections are tetracyclines used to treat? - ANSWER -Infections
caused by protozoa, spirochetes, mycobacteria, and chlamydia.
What are the live vaccines that should not be given to immunocompromised
individuals? - ANSWER -Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), Varicella, Flu mist,
Rotavirus, and OPV (polio).
What is the recommended management for Kawasaki disease? - ANSWER -
Supportive care, detection of coronary artery disease, anti-inflammatory treatment,
and consultation with a cardiologist.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease? - ANSWER -Fever for 5
days, CBC showing left shift and mild anemia, elevated ESR and CRP, and sterile
pyuria.
What is the presentation of influenza in adults? - ANSWER -Fever, malaise,
myalgia, headache, anorexia, rhinitis, sore throat, and non-productive cough.
, What are the complications associated with influenza? - ANSWER -Pneumonia,
sinusitis, otitis media, myositis, pericarditis, and exacerbation of pre-existing
conditions.
What is the causative agent of Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -Human parvovirus
B19.
What is the characteristic rash associated with Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -A
bright, erythematous rash on cheeks and forehead, often described as a 'slapped
cheek' appearance.
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease in Stage 1? - ANSWER -Erythema
migrans (bull's eye rash), fever, malaise, headache, and neck stiffness.
What is the hallmark rash of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? - ANSWER -A
maculopapular rash that starts on palms and soles and becomes petechial.
What diagnostic tests are used for Lyme Disease? - ANSWER -Enzyme
immunoassay (EIA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and Western immunoblot
for antibodies.
What should be done if a tick is found on a patient? - ANSWER -Remove the tick
carefully and monitor for symptoms of tick-borne diseases.
What is the management for immunocompromised patients with Fifth Disease? -
ANSWER -Blood transfusions and IV immunoglobulin (IVIG).
What is the recommended vaccination for pregnant women? - ANSWER -All
pregnant women should receive the flu vaccine and Tdap with each pregnancy
after 20 weeks.
What is the significance of the MMR vaccine in relation to autism? - ANSWER -
MMR vaccine is not associated with autism.
, What is the presentation of flu in children? - ANSWER -Otitis media, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
What are the contraindications for receiving the flu vaccine? - ANSWER -
Pregnant or immunosuppressed individuals (can receive non-live vaccines).
What is the role of a nurse practitioner if a pregnant patient is exposed to
parvovirus B19? - ANSWER -Perform a B-19 assay and check for specific IgM
and IgG antibodies.
What is the management for regular patients with Fifth Disease? - ANSWER -
Usually no treatment, just rest, and follow-up only if complications arise.
What is the first step in removing a tick? - ANSWER -Grasp the tick as close to
the skin's surface as possible using clean fine-tipped tweezers.
What should you avoid doing when pulling a tick off? - ANSWER -Do not twist
or jerk the tick, as this can cause the mouthparts to break off and remain in the
skin.
How should you dispose of a live tick? - ANSWER -Place it in a sealed container,
wrap it tightly in tape, flush it down the toilet, or put it in alcohol.
What should you do after removing a tick? - ANSWER -Thoroughly clean the bite
area and your hands with soap and water, rubbing alcohol, or hand sanitizer.
What is the first-line antibiotic for treating Lyme disease in adults? - ANSWER -
Doxycycline, 100 mg PO BID for 14-21 days.
What is the recommended treatment for children with Lyme disease? - ANSWER
-Doxycycline, 4 mg/kg/day divided into BID dosing, with a maximum of 200
mg/day.
What should be given to pregnant females with Lyme disease? - ANSWER -
Amoxicillin, 500 mg TID for 14-21 days, with a maximum of 1.5 g/day.
