UCLA PSYCH 10 – Introduction to Psychology
(Final Exam Study Guide Questions and A+
Graded Answers, Professor Paquette-Smith,
2025/2026) – Complete Review Material
brain pathway of emotion - ANSWER -two-track theory: (1) some input travels to
the cortex via the thalamus for analysis and is then sent to the amygdala. (2) other
input travels down directly to the amygdala via the thalamus for an instant
emotional reaction
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER -sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
fight or flight response - ANSWER -automatically mobilizes the body for action
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -calming: pupils contract, salvation
increases, skin dries, respiration decreases, heart slows, digestion activates, adrenal
glands decrease secretion of stress hormones, immune-system functioning
enhanced
OCD - ANSWER -obsessions are the thoughts, compulsions are the behaviors
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -arousing: pupils dilate, salvation
decreases, skin perspires, respiration increases, heart accelerates, digestion inhibits,
adrenal glands secrete stress hormones, immune system functioning reduced
Western principles for detecting emotions in others - ANSWER -firm handshake:
outgoing, expressive personality
gaze: intimacy
averted glance: submission
stare: dominance
,gender differences in emotion - ANSWER -women: tend to read emotional cues
more easily and to be more empathetic, express more emotion with face
universal emotions - ANSWER -facial muscles speak a universal language for
some basic emotions
facial feedback effect - ANSWER -facial expressions can trigger emotional
feelings and signal our body to respond accordingly; people also mimic others'
expressions, which help them empathize
behavior feedback effect - ANSWER -tendency of behavior to influence our own
and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
Izard's 10 basic emotions - ANSWER -joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness,
anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
positive vs. negative valence - ANSWER -two dimensions: arousal (low vs. high)
and valence (pleasant vs. unpleasant feeling)
causes of anger - ANSWER -fear triggers flight but anger triggers fight
often evoked by misdeeds that we interpret as willful, unjustified, and avoidable
smaller frustrations and blameless annoyances can also trigger anger
consequences of anger - ANSWER -chronic hostility, emotional catharsis can help
short term but not in the long run, expressing anger can make us angrier, controlled
assertions of anger can resolve conflicts, and forgiveness may rid us of angry
feelings
anger communicates strength and competence, motivates action, and expresses
grief when wisely used
feel-good, do-good phenomenon - ANSWER -people's tendency to do good when
feeling good
subjective well-being - ANSWER -self-perceived happiness or satisfaction in life
, positive psychology - ANSWER -scientific study of human functioning with the
goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and
communities to thrive
time duration of emotions - ANSWER -emotional ups and downs tend to balance
out; mood typically rebound
comparison - ANSWER -satisfaction comes from income rank rather than income
wealth and well-being - ANSWER -wealth does not correlate with well-being;
can't buy happiness
predictors of happiness - ANSWER -products of nature-nurture interaction
twin studies: about 50% of happiness rating differences heritable
culture: variation in group value of traits
personal history: emotions balance around level defined by experience; happiness
set point
general adaptation system - ANSWER -Selye, three phase system: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion; describes stress over time
tend and befriend response - ANSWER -women engage in tend and befriend as a
coping strategy for stress, whereas men are more likely to withdrawal, turn to
substances such as alcohol, or become irritable
health psychology - ANSWER -provides for behavior medicine;
psychneuroimmunologists study mind-body interactions, including stress-related
physical illnesses, such as headaches and hypertensions
psychneuroimmunologists - ANSWER -study mind-body interactions and have
found that emotion and stress interact to negatively impact the immune system,
resulting in increased susceptibility to developing an illness
B lymphocytes - ANSWER -type of white blood cell; part of the humoral
immunity component of the immune system; secretes antibodies
(Final Exam Study Guide Questions and A+
Graded Answers, Professor Paquette-Smith,
2025/2026) – Complete Review Material
brain pathway of emotion - ANSWER -two-track theory: (1) some input travels to
the cortex via the thalamus for analysis and is then sent to the amygdala. (2) other
input travels down directly to the amygdala via the thalamus for an instant
emotional reaction
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER -sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions
fight or flight response - ANSWER -automatically mobilizes the body for action
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -calming: pupils contract, salvation
increases, skin dries, respiration decreases, heart slows, digestion activates, adrenal
glands decrease secretion of stress hormones, immune-system functioning
enhanced
OCD - ANSWER -obsessions are the thoughts, compulsions are the behaviors
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -arousing: pupils dilate, salvation
decreases, skin perspires, respiration increases, heart accelerates, digestion inhibits,
adrenal glands secrete stress hormones, immune system functioning reduced
Western principles for detecting emotions in others - ANSWER -firm handshake:
outgoing, expressive personality
gaze: intimacy
averted glance: submission
stare: dominance
,gender differences in emotion - ANSWER -women: tend to read emotional cues
more easily and to be more empathetic, express more emotion with face
universal emotions - ANSWER -facial muscles speak a universal language for
some basic emotions
facial feedback effect - ANSWER -facial expressions can trigger emotional
feelings and signal our body to respond accordingly; people also mimic others'
expressions, which help them empathize
behavior feedback effect - ANSWER -tendency of behavior to influence our own
and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
Izard's 10 basic emotions - ANSWER -joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness,
anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
positive vs. negative valence - ANSWER -two dimensions: arousal (low vs. high)
and valence (pleasant vs. unpleasant feeling)
causes of anger - ANSWER -fear triggers flight but anger triggers fight
often evoked by misdeeds that we interpret as willful, unjustified, and avoidable
smaller frustrations and blameless annoyances can also trigger anger
consequences of anger - ANSWER -chronic hostility, emotional catharsis can help
short term but not in the long run, expressing anger can make us angrier, controlled
assertions of anger can resolve conflicts, and forgiveness may rid us of angry
feelings
anger communicates strength and competence, motivates action, and expresses
grief when wisely used
feel-good, do-good phenomenon - ANSWER -people's tendency to do good when
feeling good
subjective well-being - ANSWER -self-perceived happiness or satisfaction in life
, positive psychology - ANSWER -scientific study of human functioning with the
goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and
communities to thrive
time duration of emotions - ANSWER -emotional ups and downs tend to balance
out; mood typically rebound
comparison - ANSWER -satisfaction comes from income rank rather than income
wealth and well-being - ANSWER -wealth does not correlate with well-being;
can't buy happiness
predictors of happiness - ANSWER -products of nature-nurture interaction
twin studies: about 50% of happiness rating differences heritable
culture: variation in group value of traits
personal history: emotions balance around level defined by experience; happiness
set point
general adaptation system - ANSWER -Selye, three phase system: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion; describes stress over time
tend and befriend response - ANSWER -women engage in tend and befriend as a
coping strategy for stress, whereas men are more likely to withdrawal, turn to
substances such as alcohol, or become irritable
health psychology - ANSWER -provides for behavior medicine;
psychneuroimmunologists study mind-body interactions, including stress-related
physical illnesses, such as headaches and hypertensions
psychneuroimmunologists - ANSWER -study mind-body interactions and have
found that emotion and stress interact to negatively impact the immune system,
resulting in increased susceptibility to developing an illness
B lymphocytes - ANSWER -type of white blood cell; part of the humoral
immunity component of the immune system; secretes antibodies
