ATI RN FUNDAMENTALS//2019 ATI FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Telephone orders: best practice - answer--have a second RN listen in
-repeat the prescription back
-make sure the provider signs the prescription within 24 hr
Information Security - answer--HIPPA: ensures confidentiality of health info
-Only those responsible for patient's care may access the medical record.
-Do not use patient names on display boards
-communication about the pt should happen in a private place or at the nurse's station
-password protect electronic records. Do not share passwords.
-Do not share pt information with unauthorized people.
code system can be used.
living will - answer-communicates patient's wishes regarding medical treatment if patient becomes
incapacitated.
DPOA - answer-durable power of attorney
patient designates health care proxy to make medical decisions for them if they become incapacitated.
Provider's orders - answer-Prescription for DNR and/or AND
Mandatory reporting for RN - answer--suspicion of abuse (child, elderly, domestic violence)
-communicable diseases to local/state health department (mandated by state)
informed consent: Provider responsibility - answer--communicate purpose of procedure, and complete
description of procedure in the patient's primary language (use medical interpreter if needed)
-explain risks vs. benefits
-describe other options to treat the condition
,informed consent: RN responsibility - answer--ensure the provider gave the pt the above information
-ensure pt is competent to give informed consent (adult, emancipated minor, not impaired)
-have patient sign consent document
-notify provider if pt has more questions or doesn't understand any information provided.
nonspecific immunity - answer-defense mechanisms (barriers) in the body that respond immediately to
all antigens. Barriers include: skin, stomach acid, mucus, inflammatory response, phagocytic cells.
specific adaptive immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to a specific antigen through
action of B and T lymphocytes. Requires more time, but the immune response against that antigen in
the future is more efficient.
incubation - answer-time from when the pathogen enters the body until the first symptom appears.
prodromal stage - answer-time from the onset of general symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to specific
symptoms.
illness stage - answer-time when specific symptoms occur
convalescence - answer-time from when symptoms disappear to complete recovery (can take months)
primary prevention - answer-prevents initial occurrence of disease
ex: education, immunizations, prenatal classes
secondary prevention - answer-focuses on early detection of disease, limiting severity of disease.
ex: screenings, control of outbreaks
tertiary prevention - answer-maximize recovery after injury /illness
ex: rehab, PT/OT, support groups
,active natural immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to exposure to live pathogen
active artificial immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to vaccine
passive natural immunity - answer-antibodies are passed from the mom to her baby through the
placenta or breast milk
passive artificial immunity - answer-immunoglobulins are administered to an individual after they have
been exposed to a pathogen
ABCDE Principle - answer-A (airway): ensure pt airway. Stabilize cervical spine if neck/head trauma is
suspected
B (breathing): assess for respirations
C (circulation): check heart rate, blood pressure, and capillary refill
D (disability): assess the patient's level of consciousness
E (exposure): assess the patient's body for trauma, exposure to heat/cold
Using an interpreter - answer--DO NOT use patient's family or friends
-use certified medical interpreter
-explain purpose of meeting to interpreter prior to approaching the patient
-direct questions at family, not interpreter
-use layman's terms (NOT medical jargon)
-DO NOT supplement words with gestures or nonverbal reinforcement
nursing care: Hearing loss - answer--face the pt and avoid covering your mouth
-speak slowly and clearly; use brief sentences
-try lowering vocal pitch
-do not shout
-use sign-language interpreter, or write down communication
, nursing care: aphasia - answer--speak clearly and slowly, using short sentences
-make sure only one person speaks at a time
-give patient plenty of time to respond
-tell patients if you do not understand them
preventing pressure injuries and skin damage - answer--turn patient Q2
-limit chair/wheelchair sitting to one hour, advise pt to shift weight every 15 minutes, use pressure-
relieving device
-ensure proper hydration and nutrition (especially protein)
-keep HOB <=30 degrees. rise heels off of bed.
-lift (vs pull) patients up in bed
-DO NOT massage bony prominences
DO NOT use powder or cornstarch
Components of pain assessment - answer--location of pain
-quality (how it feels: burning)
-intensity (pain scale from 0-10)
-timing (onset, duration, frequency)
-setting ( how it affects patient's ADLs)
-associated symptoms (nausea, fatigue)
-aggravating/ relieving factors (what makes it better or worse)
Wound Healing: Primary Intention - answer-wound edges approximated (sutures/staples). Heals quickly,
minimal scarring
Wound Healing: Secondary Intention - answer-wound edges widely separated. Longer healing time,
scarring, increased infection risk.
AND ANSWERS
Telephone orders: best practice - answer--have a second RN listen in
-repeat the prescription back
-make sure the provider signs the prescription within 24 hr
Information Security - answer--HIPPA: ensures confidentiality of health info
-Only those responsible for patient's care may access the medical record.
-Do not use patient names on display boards
-communication about the pt should happen in a private place or at the nurse's station
-password protect electronic records. Do not share passwords.
-Do not share pt information with unauthorized people.
code system can be used.
living will - answer-communicates patient's wishes regarding medical treatment if patient becomes
incapacitated.
DPOA - answer-durable power of attorney
patient designates health care proxy to make medical decisions for them if they become incapacitated.
Provider's orders - answer-Prescription for DNR and/or AND
Mandatory reporting for RN - answer--suspicion of abuse (child, elderly, domestic violence)
-communicable diseases to local/state health department (mandated by state)
informed consent: Provider responsibility - answer--communicate purpose of procedure, and complete
description of procedure in the patient's primary language (use medical interpreter if needed)
-explain risks vs. benefits
-describe other options to treat the condition
,informed consent: RN responsibility - answer--ensure the provider gave the pt the above information
-ensure pt is competent to give informed consent (adult, emancipated minor, not impaired)
-have patient sign consent document
-notify provider if pt has more questions or doesn't understand any information provided.
nonspecific immunity - answer-defense mechanisms (barriers) in the body that respond immediately to
all antigens. Barriers include: skin, stomach acid, mucus, inflammatory response, phagocytic cells.
specific adaptive immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to a specific antigen through
action of B and T lymphocytes. Requires more time, but the immune response against that antigen in
the future is more efficient.
incubation - answer-time from when the pathogen enters the body until the first symptom appears.
prodromal stage - answer-time from the onset of general symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to specific
symptoms.
illness stage - answer-time when specific symptoms occur
convalescence - answer-time from when symptoms disappear to complete recovery (can take months)
primary prevention - answer-prevents initial occurrence of disease
ex: education, immunizations, prenatal classes
secondary prevention - answer-focuses on early detection of disease, limiting severity of disease.
ex: screenings, control of outbreaks
tertiary prevention - answer-maximize recovery after injury /illness
ex: rehab, PT/OT, support groups
,active natural immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to exposure to live pathogen
active artificial immunity - answer-body produces antibodies in response to vaccine
passive natural immunity - answer-antibodies are passed from the mom to her baby through the
placenta or breast milk
passive artificial immunity - answer-immunoglobulins are administered to an individual after they have
been exposed to a pathogen
ABCDE Principle - answer-A (airway): ensure pt airway. Stabilize cervical spine if neck/head trauma is
suspected
B (breathing): assess for respirations
C (circulation): check heart rate, blood pressure, and capillary refill
D (disability): assess the patient's level of consciousness
E (exposure): assess the patient's body for trauma, exposure to heat/cold
Using an interpreter - answer--DO NOT use patient's family or friends
-use certified medical interpreter
-explain purpose of meeting to interpreter prior to approaching the patient
-direct questions at family, not interpreter
-use layman's terms (NOT medical jargon)
-DO NOT supplement words with gestures or nonverbal reinforcement
nursing care: Hearing loss - answer--face the pt and avoid covering your mouth
-speak slowly and clearly; use brief sentences
-try lowering vocal pitch
-do not shout
-use sign-language interpreter, or write down communication
, nursing care: aphasia - answer--speak clearly and slowly, using short sentences
-make sure only one person speaks at a time
-give patient plenty of time to respond
-tell patients if you do not understand them
preventing pressure injuries and skin damage - answer--turn patient Q2
-limit chair/wheelchair sitting to one hour, advise pt to shift weight every 15 minutes, use pressure-
relieving device
-ensure proper hydration and nutrition (especially protein)
-keep HOB <=30 degrees. rise heels off of bed.
-lift (vs pull) patients up in bed
-DO NOT massage bony prominences
DO NOT use powder or cornstarch
Components of pain assessment - answer--location of pain
-quality (how it feels: burning)
-intensity (pain scale from 0-10)
-timing (onset, duration, frequency)
-setting ( how it affects patient's ADLs)
-associated symptoms (nausea, fatigue)
-aggravating/ relieving factors (what makes it better or worse)
Wound Healing: Primary Intention - answer-wound edges approximated (sutures/staples). Heals quickly,
minimal scarring
Wound Healing: Secondary Intention - answer-wound edges widely separated. Longer healing time,
scarring, increased infection risk.
