ANSC 4395 – 2025/2026 – EXAM 2 COMPLETE STUDY & REVIEW MATERIAL
Gene - (answers)basic unit of inheritance
segments of dna
relatively short segments of chromosomes
Chromosomes - (answers)long strands of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of the cell
present in pairs- one from sire, one from dam
number of pairs depends on the species
Homologs - (answers)pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci
Locus - (answers)the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Allele - (answers)an alternate form of a gene
Multiple alleles - (answers)more than two possible alleles at a locus
Genotype - (answers)the combination of genes at a particular locus
Homozygous - (answers)a one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes
Heterozygous - (answers)a lone-locus genotype containing functionally different genes
Law of Segregation - (answers)Mendel's First Law
in the formation of a germ cell or gamete, the two genes at a locus in the parent cell are separated, only
one gene being incorporated into each germ cell
, Germ cells contain... - (answers)half the # of chromosomes and half the # of genes as normal body cells
Law of Independent Assortment - (answers)Mendel's Second Law
genes assort independently during meiosis if all possible gametes are formed in equal proportions
Linkage - (answers)the occurrence of two or more loci of interest on the same chromosome
Crossing Over - (answers)a reciprocal exchange of chromosome segments between homologs
occurs prior to the time chromosomes are separated to form gametes during Meiosis
Recombination - (answers)the formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome as a result of
crossing over
Gamete Selection - (answers)the process that determines which egg matures and which sperm succeeds
in fertilizing the egg
Punnett Square - (answers)two dimensional grid
along the top are the possible gametes from on parent and along the left side are the possible gametes
from the other parent
inside the grid are the zygotes that are possible
Mendelian Sampling - (answers)the random sampling of parental genes caused by segregation and
independent assortment of genes during germ cell formation and by random selection of gametes in the
formation of the embryo
Dominance - (answers)an interaction between two genes at a single locus
Gene - (answers)basic unit of inheritance
segments of dna
relatively short segments of chromosomes
Chromosomes - (answers)long strands of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of the cell
present in pairs- one from sire, one from dam
number of pairs depends on the species
Homologs - (answers)pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci
Locus - (answers)the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Allele - (answers)an alternate form of a gene
Multiple alleles - (answers)more than two possible alleles at a locus
Genotype - (answers)the combination of genes at a particular locus
Homozygous - (answers)a one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes
Heterozygous - (answers)a lone-locus genotype containing functionally different genes
Law of Segregation - (answers)Mendel's First Law
in the formation of a germ cell or gamete, the two genes at a locus in the parent cell are separated, only
one gene being incorporated into each germ cell
, Germ cells contain... - (answers)half the # of chromosomes and half the # of genes as normal body cells
Law of Independent Assortment - (answers)Mendel's Second Law
genes assort independently during meiosis if all possible gametes are formed in equal proportions
Linkage - (answers)the occurrence of two or more loci of interest on the same chromosome
Crossing Over - (answers)a reciprocal exchange of chromosome segments between homologs
occurs prior to the time chromosomes are separated to form gametes during Meiosis
Recombination - (answers)the formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome as a result of
crossing over
Gamete Selection - (answers)the process that determines which egg matures and which sperm succeeds
in fertilizing the egg
Punnett Square - (answers)two dimensional grid
along the top are the possible gametes from on parent and along the left side are the possible gametes
from the other parent
inside the grid are the zygotes that are possible
Mendelian Sampling - (answers)the random sampling of parental genes caused by segregation and
independent assortment of genes during germ cell formation and by random selection of gametes in the
formation of the embryo
Dominance - (answers)an interaction between two genes at a single locus
