Nursing Self-Management and Accountability
Q&A Easy Exam Guide for Students
Q. What is self management?
Answer:
Self-management: Self-management involves the person with the chronic disease:
• Engaging in activities that protect and promote health.
• Monitoring and managing of signs and symptoms of illness.
• Managing the impacts of illness on functioning, emotions and interpersonal
relationships.
• And adhering to personalized treatment plans.
Q. Write down the functions/tasks of Self management.
Q. What is self-management support by a health professional?
Answer:
The functions/tasks of Self-management:
Self-management support involves the support that a general practice provides to
patients to carry out the above three main tasks. Self-management is NOT patient
education which is simply knowledge-based instruction for a specific disease.
The traditional focus of health care has been around illness and the relief
or cure of symptoms. Patients with chronic disease however, are more suited to a
wellness perspective where they are encouraged to remain well for as long as
possible. To maintain wellness, patients need to concentrate on three tasks:
1. Medical management such as taking medication, monitoring symptoms
and/or adhering to a healthy diet.
2. Maintaining, changing and creating new meaningful behaviors or life roles,
for example, people with back pain may need to change the way they
participate in their favorite sports.
3. Dealing with the emotional impact of having a chronic illness, which alters
one's view of the future. Emotions such as anger, fear, frustration and
depression are common.
,Q. What are the factors affecting the effectiveness of self-management approaches?
Answer:
Factors affecting the effectiveness of self-management approaches include:
1. Communication skills.
2. Time maintains.
3. Available support in a crisis.
4. Access to and understanding of rescue medication.
5. Involvement of careers.
6. Understanding of the condition.
7. Inhaler technique.
Q. What do you mean by Accountability?
Q. Define Accountability & Responsibility?
Answer:
Definition of Accountability:
• This emphasis on accountability as disclosure governed by official mandates
is mirrored by Dowling et al. (1996), who provide a definition of
accountability in terms of the obligations and liabilities arising from:
o Professional regulations.
o The law on civil wrongs (torts) to patients.
o Employment law relating to the relationship between employers and
employees.
• According to the UKCC (1996: 8) defines accountability as being:
fundamentally concerned with weighing up the interests of patients and
clients in complex situations, using professional knowledge, judgment and
skills to make a decision and enabling you to account for the decision made.
Definition of Accountability: Accountability is the obligation of an individual or
organization to account for its activities, accept responsibility for them, and to
, disclose the results in a transparent manner. It also includes the responsibility for
money or other entrusted property.
Definition of Responsibility: Responsibility is the state or fact of having a duty to
deal with something or of having control over someone.
Q. Write down the concept of accountability to oneself.
Answer:
The concept of accountability to oneself:
Accountability is an essential concept of professional nursing practice and the law.
Becoming a successful nurse, one should have responsibility and accountability,
also learn to manage and care for herself/ himself.
Nurse is expected to be accountable to the profession, to the client and public, to
the employing agency and more importantly to one owns self.
Nurse is no longer to be expected to live on the premises in which they works, they
are no longer expected to work most of their working hours without time from
duties and they should not be considered a piece of properly belonging to agency
in which they work. They should be seen as free and independent person with their
aspects of life beside the professional life.
Q. Write down the types of Accountability.
Answer:
Types of accountability:
In addition to the different aspects of accountability identified above, some
analysts have identified different kinds of accountability. Leat (1988), for example,
suggests that accountability has different dimensions in the health care context.
These include four types:
1. Fiscal accountability (concerning financial probity and the ability to trace
and adequately explain expenditure);
Q&A Easy Exam Guide for Students
Q. What is self management?
Answer:
Self-management: Self-management involves the person with the chronic disease:
• Engaging in activities that protect and promote health.
• Monitoring and managing of signs and symptoms of illness.
• Managing the impacts of illness on functioning, emotions and interpersonal
relationships.
• And adhering to personalized treatment plans.
Q. Write down the functions/tasks of Self management.
Q. What is self-management support by a health professional?
Answer:
The functions/tasks of Self-management:
Self-management support involves the support that a general practice provides to
patients to carry out the above three main tasks. Self-management is NOT patient
education which is simply knowledge-based instruction for a specific disease.
The traditional focus of health care has been around illness and the relief
or cure of symptoms. Patients with chronic disease however, are more suited to a
wellness perspective where they are encouraged to remain well for as long as
possible. To maintain wellness, patients need to concentrate on three tasks:
1. Medical management such as taking medication, monitoring symptoms
and/or adhering to a healthy diet.
2. Maintaining, changing and creating new meaningful behaviors or life roles,
for example, people with back pain may need to change the way they
participate in their favorite sports.
3. Dealing with the emotional impact of having a chronic illness, which alters
one's view of the future. Emotions such as anger, fear, frustration and
depression are common.
,Q. What are the factors affecting the effectiveness of self-management approaches?
Answer:
Factors affecting the effectiveness of self-management approaches include:
1. Communication skills.
2. Time maintains.
3. Available support in a crisis.
4. Access to and understanding of rescue medication.
5. Involvement of careers.
6. Understanding of the condition.
7. Inhaler technique.
Q. What do you mean by Accountability?
Q. Define Accountability & Responsibility?
Answer:
Definition of Accountability:
• This emphasis on accountability as disclosure governed by official mandates
is mirrored by Dowling et al. (1996), who provide a definition of
accountability in terms of the obligations and liabilities arising from:
o Professional regulations.
o The law on civil wrongs (torts) to patients.
o Employment law relating to the relationship between employers and
employees.
• According to the UKCC (1996: 8) defines accountability as being:
fundamentally concerned with weighing up the interests of patients and
clients in complex situations, using professional knowledge, judgment and
skills to make a decision and enabling you to account for the decision made.
Definition of Accountability: Accountability is the obligation of an individual or
organization to account for its activities, accept responsibility for them, and to
, disclose the results in a transparent manner. It also includes the responsibility for
money or other entrusted property.
Definition of Responsibility: Responsibility is the state or fact of having a duty to
deal with something or of having control over someone.
Q. Write down the concept of accountability to oneself.
Answer:
The concept of accountability to oneself:
Accountability is an essential concept of professional nursing practice and the law.
Becoming a successful nurse, one should have responsibility and accountability,
also learn to manage and care for herself/ himself.
Nurse is expected to be accountable to the profession, to the client and public, to
the employing agency and more importantly to one owns self.
Nurse is no longer to be expected to live on the premises in which they works, they
are no longer expected to work most of their working hours without time from
duties and they should not be considered a piece of properly belonging to agency
in which they work. They should be seen as free and independent person with their
aspects of life beside the professional life.
Q. Write down the types of Accountability.
Answer:
Types of accountability:
In addition to the different aspects of accountability identified above, some
analysts have identified different kinds of accountability. Leat (1988), for example,
suggests that accountability has different dimensions in the health care context.
These include four types:
1. Fiscal accountability (concerning financial probity and the ability to trace
and adequately explain expenditure);
