WGU C172 Network and Security – Foundations Test
Questions and Answers Latest 2025\2026 Graded A+
protocol - ans The set of rules established for users to exchange
information
topology - ans The network architecture used to interconnect the
networking equipment
deterministic network - ans Each station connected to the network is
ensured access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time
intervals
bus topology - ans The computers share the media (coaxial cable) for
data transmission
ThinNet - ans The coaxial cable used in a bus network.
,star topology - ans Twisted-pair cables connect the devices to a central
hub or switch
hub - ans A multiport repeater device used at the center of a star
topology
multiport repeater - ans The data it receives is broadcast and seen by all
devices connected to its ports. A hub.
broadcast - ans Transmission of data by a hub to all devices connected to
its ports
switch - ans Device used at the center of a star topology that forwards a
frame it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address
mesh topology - ans All networking devices are directly connected to
each other, allows for full redundancy
OSI model - ans The seven layers describing network functions
,Physical layer - ans Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to
the network (cabling, NICs). 1st OSI layer
Data link layer - ans Handles error recovery, flow control
(synchronization), and sequencing (MAC, Ethernet). 2nd OSI layer
Network layer - ans Accepts outgoing messages and combines messages
or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information
(IP, IPX). 3rd OSI layer
Transport layer - ans Concerned with message integrity between source
and destination (TCP, UDP). 4th OSI layer
Session layer - ans Provides the control functions necessary to establish,
manage, and terminate the connections (NSF, SQL). 5th OSI layer
Presentation layer - ans Accepts and structures the messages for the
application (ASCII, JPEG). 6th OSI layer
, Application layer - ans d d d d Interacts with application programs that
d d d d
incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser
d d d d d d d d d
and email (HTTP, FTP, SMTP). 7th OSI layer
d d d d d d d d
3 basic steps to isolate network problem - ans
d d d d d d d d d Is the connection to the
d d d d
machine down? (layer 1)
d d d d
Is the network down? (layer 3)
d d d d d
Is a service on a specific machine down? (layer 7)
d d d d d d d d d
CSMA/CD - ans d d d The Ethernet LAN media-access method, carrier sense
d d d d d d
multiple access with collision detection
d d d d d
Ethernet - ans d d d LAN protocol created in 1972 and standardized in 1980
d d d d d d d d
using CSMA/CD.
d d
Frame - ans d d d Contains the header, data, and trailer (the padding and 4-
d d d d d d d d d
byte CRC frame check sequence)
d d d d
Questions and Answers Latest 2025\2026 Graded A+
protocol - ans The set of rules established for users to exchange
information
topology - ans The network architecture used to interconnect the
networking equipment
deterministic network - ans Each station connected to the network is
ensured access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time
intervals
bus topology - ans The computers share the media (coaxial cable) for
data transmission
ThinNet - ans The coaxial cable used in a bus network.
,star topology - ans Twisted-pair cables connect the devices to a central
hub or switch
hub - ans A multiport repeater device used at the center of a star
topology
multiport repeater - ans The data it receives is broadcast and seen by all
devices connected to its ports. A hub.
broadcast - ans Transmission of data by a hub to all devices connected to
its ports
switch - ans Device used at the center of a star topology that forwards a
frame it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address
mesh topology - ans All networking devices are directly connected to
each other, allows for full redundancy
OSI model - ans The seven layers describing network functions
,Physical layer - ans Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to
the network (cabling, NICs). 1st OSI layer
Data link layer - ans Handles error recovery, flow control
(synchronization), and sequencing (MAC, Ethernet). 2nd OSI layer
Network layer - ans Accepts outgoing messages and combines messages
or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information
(IP, IPX). 3rd OSI layer
Transport layer - ans Concerned with message integrity between source
and destination (TCP, UDP). 4th OSI layer
Session layer - ans Provides the control functions necessary to establish,
manage, and terminate the connections (NSF, SQL). 5th OSI layer
Presentation layer - ans Accepts and structures the messages for the
application (ASCII, JPEG). 6th OSI layer
, Application layer - ans d d d d Interacts with application programs that
d d d d
incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser
d d d d d d d d d
and email (HTTP, FTP, SMTP). 7th OSI layer
d d d d d d d d
3 basic steps to isolate network problem - ans
d d d d d d d d d Is the connection to the
d d d d
machine down? (layer 1)
d d d d
Is the network down? (layer 3)
d d d d d
Is a service on a specific machine down? (layer 7)
d d d d d d d d d
CSMA/CD - ans d d d The Ethernet LAN media-access method, carrier sense
d d d d d d
multiple access with collision detection
d d d d d
Ethernet - ans d d d LAN protocol created in 1972 and standardized in 1980
d d d d d d d d
using CSMA/CD.
d d
Frame - ans d d d Contains the header, data, and trailer (the padding and 4-
d d d d d d d d d
byte CRC frame check sequence)
d d d d
