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Anatomy Study of Form
Inspection
Palpation
4 ways to study the human body
Auscultation
Percussion
Cadaver dissection Cutting and separating human body tissues to reveal tissue relationships
Comparative anatomy Study of multiple species to learn about form, function, and evolution
Viewing the inside of the body without surgery
medical imaging
Radiology—branch of medicine concerned with imaging
Gross anatomy study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology Examination of tissues with a microscope
Histopathology Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology Study of structure and function of cells
Ultrastructure View detail under electron microscope
Physiology The study of function
Neurophysiology (physiology of nervous
Subdisciplines system) Endocrinology (physiology of
hormones) Pathophysiology (mechanisms
of disease)
Neurophysiology Explains the workings of the nervous system
Endocrinology Study of Hormones
Pathophysiology Study of the functional changes associated with disease and aging
Study of different species to learn about body functions
Comparative physiology Basis for much of our understanding of human physiology and
the development of new drugs and medical procedures
Greek physician; "Father of medicine"
Established a code of ethics (Hippocratic Oath)
Hippocrates
Urged physicians to seek natural causes of disease rather than
attributing them to acts of the gods and demons
, Believed diseases had supernatural or
physical causes Called supernatural causes
Aristotle of disease theologi
Called natural causes for disease physiologi
This gave rise to the terms physician and physiology
Believed complex structures were built from simpler parts
Physician to Roman gladiators
Did animal dissections because use of cadavers
Claudius Galen
was banned Saw science as a method of
discovery
Teachings were adopted as dogma in Europe in Middle Ages
Realized blood flows out from heart and back
William Harvey
to it again Some credit also given to Michael
Servetus for this
Invented specimen stage, illuminator, coarse and
Robert Hooke fine focus controls His microscopes magnified only
30X
First to see and name "cells"
Invented a simple (single-lens) microscope with great
magnification to look at fabrics (200X)
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Published his observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria
from tooth scrapings, and many other things