U.S. Health Care Systems Exam 3
Questions and Answers
Americans over age 65 who have at least 2 chronic conditions -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-77%
Current number of Americans needing long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-9
million
Long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A variety of individualized, well coordinated
services that promote the maximum possible independence for people with
functional limitations and are provided over an extended period of time in
accordance with a holistic approach, while maximizing their quality of life
% of people who need long term care that are under 65 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-37
% of older Americans who will eventually need long term care -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-70
LTC services should - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. Fit the needs of different individuals
2. Address their changing needs over time
3. Suit their personal preferences
Total care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Requires that any health care need is recognized,
evaluated, and addressed by appropriate clinical professionals (must
coordinate with non-LTC services), often using case management
Non-LTC services - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Primary care, mental health, acute care
hospitals, and various outpatient services such as those provided by specialist
physicians, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists, diagnostic labs and imaging
centers
,Goals of LTC provider - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. To maintain whatever ability the
person still has
2. Prevent further decline
Holistic care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Incorporates physical, mental, social, and
spiritual needs in order to deliver best care
Negative effects of long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. A loss of self-worth
often accompanies disability
2. Patients remain in LTC for long periods of time with little hope for full
recovery
Quality of life - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Recognizes lifestyle pursuits, living
environment, clinical palliation, human factors, and personal choices
Lifestyle factors - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Associated with personal enrichment and
meaningfulness of lifestyle
Living environment - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Must be comfortable, safe, and
appealing to the senses
Clinical palliation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Should be available for relief from
unpleasant symptoms such as pain or nausea
Human factors - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Caregiver attitudes and practices that
emphasize caring, compassion, respect, and preservation of human dignity for
the patient
Personal choices - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-People like being able to make choices for
themselves (food, schedules)
Technology - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-PERS (personal emergency response system)
-GPS to monitor patients
-Pill alarm
-Fall detector
-Robotic pets
-Pedometers to measure daily activity
Medical care, nursing, and rehabiliation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Focus on:
, 1. Postacute continuity of care
2. Clinical management of chronic illness and comorbidity
3. Restoration or maintenance of physical function
% of elders with depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric conditions -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-25
% of elders with cognitive disorders (dementia) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-5, prevalent
in women
Dementia - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Progressive and irreversible decline in cognition,
thinking, and memory
-15% of people over 70 have dementia
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A progressive degenerative disease of
the brain, producing memory loss, confusion, irritability, and severe functional
decline
-40% institutionalized, of that, 72% are diagnosed with dementia
Social support - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-needed for individuals going through changes
in later life, needed to coordinate total care needs
-examples: transportation services, information, counseling, recreation, and
spiritual support
Preventive LTC - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Preventing or delaying institutionalization
-Community programs such as nutrition or vaccinations
Therapeutic care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Nursing care, rehabilitation and
therapeutic diets
Informal care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--Most LTC care in the U.S.
-family, friends, surrogates
-Services are not reimbursed
-92% of community dwelling residents receive unpaid help
-Delays nursing home entry
# of informal care givers in the U.S. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-42 million
Questions and Answers
Americans over age 65 who have at least 2 chronic conditions -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-77%
Current number of Americans needing long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-9
million
Long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A variety of individualized, well coordinated
services that promote the maximum possible independence for people with
functional limitations and are provided over an extended period of time in
accordance with a holistic approach, while maximizing their quality of life
% of people who need long term care that are under 65 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-37
% of older Americans who will eventually need long term care -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-70
LTC services should - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. Fit the needs of different individuals
2. Address their changing needs over time
3. Suit their personal preferences
Total care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Requires that any health care need is recognized,
evaluated, and addressed by appropriate clinical professionals (must
coordinate with non-LTC services), often using case management
Non-LTC services - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Primary care, mental health, acute care
hospitals, and various outpatient services such as those provided by specialist
physicians, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists, diagnostic labs and imaging
centers
,Goals of LTC provider - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. To maintain whatever ability the
person still has
2. Prevent further decline
Holistic care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Incorporates physical, mental, social, and
spiritual needs in order to deliver best care
Negative effects of long term care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-1. A loss of self-worth
often accompanies disability
2. Patients remain in LTC for long periods of time with little hope for full
recovery
Quality of life - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Recognizes lifestyle pursuits, living
environment, clinical palliation, human factors, and personal choices
Lifestyle factors - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Associated with personal enrichment and
meaningfulness of lifestyle
Living environment - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Must be comfortable, safe, and
appealing to the senses
Clinical palliation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Should be available for relief from
unpleasant symptoms such as pain or nausea
Human factors - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Caregiver attitudes and practices that
emphasize caring, compassion, respect, and preservation of human dignity for
the patient
Personal choices - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-People like being able to make choices for
themselves (food, schedules)
Technology - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-PERS (personal emergency response system)
-GPS to monitor patients
-Pill alarm
-Fall detector
-Robotic pets
-Pedometers to measure daily activity
Medical care, nursing, and rehabiliation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Focus on:
, 1. Postacute continuity of care
2. Clinical management of chronic illness and comorbidity
3. Restoration or maintenance of physical function
% of elders with depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric conditions -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-25
% of elders with cognitive disorders (dementia) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-5, prevalent
in women
Dementia - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Progressive and irreversible decline in cognition,
thinking, and memory
-15% of people over 70 have dementia
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A progressive degenerative disease of
the brain, producing memory loss, confusion, irritability, and severe functional
decline
-40% institutionalized, of that, 72% are diagnosed with dementia
Social support - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-needed for individuals going through changes
in later life, needed to coordinate total care needs
-examples: transportation services, information, counseling, recreation, and
spiritual support
Preventive LTC - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Preventing or delaying institutionalization
-Community programs such as nutrition or vaccinations
Therapeutic care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Nursing care, rehabilitation and
therapeutic diets
Informal care - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔--Most LTC care in the U.S.
-family, friends, surrogates
-Services are not reimbursed
-92% of community dwelling residents receive unpaid help
-Delays nursing home entry
# of informal care givers in the U.S. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-42 million
