lOMoARcPSD|59939466
Bio336
Human Physiology (San Diego State University)
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Proteins: make up 50% of membrane weight
Gates (EX: VG Na+C)
Pumps (EX: Na+/K+ ATPase)
ACh - receptor
Na+/K+ ATPase: membrane protein
• 10k proteins per cell
• normal= 135-145 mmol/L Na+ in extracellular fluid and 12 mmol/L in intracellular fluid
◦Hyponatremia: lower than 135 mmol/L Na+ (can happen from sweating a lot)
• Cholera
• Oral rehydration therapy to replace Na+
◦Eunatremia: normal Na+ levels
• Hypernatremia: higher than 145 mmol/L Na+
• Normal= 120 mmol/L K+ in intracellular fluid and 3.5-5 mmol/L in extracellular fluid
◦Hypokalemia: lower than 3.5 mmol/L K+
◦Eukalemia: normal K+ levels
◦Hyperkalemia: higher than 5 mmol/L K+, associated with crush injuries because K+ leaks
out of cell, Can lead to arrhythmias
‣ Difference between outside and inside K+ levels is smaller so there is less diffusion
‣ Lose ability to make action potential (hard time with repolarization)
Pump does 3 things
1. Increase Na+ in extracellular fluid
2. Increase K+ in intracellular fluid
3. Create a negative voltage in the cell (resting membrane potential)
Squid- giant axon experiment, electrodes into cell
• Voltage numbers refer to inside relative to outside of cell
Downloaded by joshua wesonga ()
Bio336
Human Physiology (San Diego State University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by joshua wesonga ()
, lOMoARcPSD|59939466
1/24
Proteins: make up 50% of membrane weight
Gates (EX: VG Na+C)
Pumps (EX: Na+/K+ ATPase)
ACh - receptor
Na+/K+ ATPase: membrane protein
• 10k proteins per cell
• normal= 135-145 mmol/L Na+ in extracellular fluid and 12 mmol/L in intracellular fluid
◦Hyponatremia: lower than 135 mmol/L Na+ (can happen from sweating a lot)
• Cholera
• Oral rehydration therapy to replace Na+
◦Eunatremia: normal Na+ levels
• Hypernatremia: higher than 145 mmol/L Na+
• Normal= 120 mmol/L K+ in intracellular fluid and 3.5-5 mmol/L in extracellular fluid
◦Hypokalemia: lower than 3.5 mmol/L K+
◦Eukalemia: normal K+ levels
◦Hyperkalemia: higher than 5 mmol/L K+, associated with crush injuries because K+ leaks
out of cell, Can lead to arrhythmias
‣ Difference between outside and inside K+ levels is smaller so there is less diffusion
‣ Lose ability to make action potential (hard time with repolarization)
Pump does 3 things
1. Increase Na+ in extracellular fluid
2. Increase K+ in intracellular fluid
3. Create a negative voltage in the cell (resting membrane potential)
Squid- giant axon experiment, electrodes into cell
• Voltage numbers refer to inside relative to outside of cell
Downloaded by joshua wesonga ()
