BIO 255 Exam 2 Questions and Answers

BIO 255 Exam 2 Questions and Answers What are blood vessels channels that carry blood throughout the body Begin and end at your heart What blood vessels are thick? Artery What blood vessels are thin? Veins and Capillary What are the Function of Arteries? Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart *Pulmonary artery is the exception* THICK What are the Function of Vein? Carries deoxygenated blood from body parts to cells *Pulmonary vein is the exception THIN What are the Functions of Capillaries? Oxygen and nutrient are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste Removes waste products away from tissues THIN What are the layers of blood vessels? Tunica Intima (inner layer) Media (middle) Adventitia (outer, nerves) Name all of the organs in the lymphatic system and location: Bone Marrow- within the bone Spleen - ULQ of abdominal/behind lt rib Thymus Gland -behind sternum Lymph nodes - neck, armpit, chest, abdomen, groin Lymphatic Vessels -before nodes Tonsils -throat What is the fluid that drains in the lymphatic system? Lymph Fluid Where does lymph fluid drain from in the lymphatic system? Blood Vessels What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood? Veins (with the exception of the pulmonary vein) What blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? arteries (with the exception of the pulmonary artery) What vessels are associated with the heart? Aorta Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava What vessels are associated with the Lungs Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins What vessels are associated with the liver? Hepatic Artery Hepatic Portal Vein What are the main veins that give blood back to the heart? Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava What is the Main Artery OFF of the heart? Aorta How does blood flow through the heart? Inferior and superior vena cava (1) dump blood into the right atrium (2) Right ventricle (3) 2 pulmonary arteries (4) that lead to the lungs (5) where blood becomes oxygenated Pulmonary veins (6) bring blood from the lungs back to the left atrium (7) Left ventricle (8) is large and muscular to pump blood into the aorta (9) and to the rest of the body (10) Eventually blood will be pumped back to each vena cava (1) What is the Circle of Willis? A circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain What is the hepatic organ? The liver Where is T-Cells derived from? Originate from bone marrow progenitors and migrate to the thymus What ensures adequate venous return to the heart? A thin layer of smooth muscle in the veins that helps squeeze blood back towards the heart What is the function of plasma protein? - transport of substances such as hormones and lipids in the blood - creating effective osmotic pressure difference between plasma and interstitial fluid - blood coagulation -pH buffering What lymphatic organ has red and white pulp? The Spleen What vessels hold the most amount of blood? Veins What happens to cardiac output during aerobic exercise? Cardiac output increases and the total resistance decreases What is right sided heart failure? failure of the right ventricle to pump efficiently causing blood to be backed up What are signs and symptoms of right heart failure? Awakening with SOB SOB during exercise or lying flat Coughing Wheezing Difficulty Concentrating Dizziness Fatigue Fluid Retention (edema) Increased urinary urgency Nausea/poor appetite Difficulty during exercise Weight Gain What is left sided heart failure? The most common failure. Backup of blood into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Usually associated with Coronary artery disease heart attack HBP What are signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure? Constant coughing SOB with walking/bending over waking up with SOB Weight Gain Edema Cardiogenic shock Enlarged heart arrhythmia What arteries do you feel to check for pulse? Superficial Temporal External Maxillary Carotid Brachial Ulnar Radial Femoral Popliteal Posterior Tibial Dorsalis Pedis Identify the main arteries off the heart Left Main Coronary Artery Right Coronary Arteries Label the layers of the a blood vessel Tunica intima Tunica Media Tunica Externa Basement Membrane Endothelium What is MALT? mucosa associated lymphoid tissue - lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout the body How to calculate MAP (essay) MAP= Mean Arterial Pressure SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure DBP= Diastolic Blood Pressure Why does cancer metastasis to different regions? (essay) The adhesion of the cancerous cells break down which allows them to break away from the original tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymph system. Lymphatic spread is the most common route for the cancer to metastasis What factors influence vascular resistance? (essay) Blood viscosity Vessel length Vessel Diameter