Page 1 of 103
nu 545 unit 7 Test NEWEST ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026-2027 LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR
QUESTION: An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein
is evident?
a.
Cytochrome P-450
b.
Alpha fetoprotein
c.
DNA polymerase
d.
Embryonic proteins - ANSWER-ANS: B
Other disorders can be detected with this procedure. These include most neural tube defects,
which cause an elevation of alpha fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid, and hundreds of diseases
caused by mutations of single genes. Cytochrome P-450 is useful in helping to formulate drug
doses more precisely. DNA polymerase travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct
nucleotides to the free end of the new strand during DNA replication. Embryonic proteins are
not involved in neural tube defects.
QUESTION: Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant with what history?
a.
Have a history of chronic illness
b.
Have a family history of genetic disorders
c.
,Page 2 of 103
Have experienced in vitro fertilization
d.
Had a late menarche - ANSWER-ANS: B
Amniocentesis is recommended only for pregnancies known to have an elevated risk for a
genetic disease or in women older than 30 to 35 years of age because of the slightly higher risk
of fetal loss as compared to the general population. Having a chronic illness, previous in vitro
fertilization, or late menarche are not reasons to have an amniocentesis.
QUESTION: What is the technique for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities at 10 to
12 weeks' gestation?
a.
Gene mapping
b.
Linkage analysis
c.
Amniocentesis
d.
Chorionic villus sampling - ANSWER-ANS: D
Chorionic villus sampling consists of extracting a small amount of villous tissue directly from the
chorion. This procedure can be performed at 10 weeks' gestation and does not require in vitro
culturing of cells; sufficient numbers are directly available in the extracted tissue. Thus the
procedure allows prenatal diagnosis at approximately 3 months' gestation rather than at nearly
4 months' gestation which is generally when amniocentesis is performed. Gene mapping and
linkage analysis are not performed exclusively on women who are 10 weeks' pregnant.
QUESTION: What is the term for an error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
during meiosis or mitosis?
a.
Aneuploidy
b.
,Page 3 of 103
Nondisjunction
c.
Polyploidy
d.
Translocation - ANSWER-ANS: B
Aneuploidy is usually the result of nondisjunction, an error in which homologous chromosomes
or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis. Aneuploidy refers to
cells that do not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes. Polyploidy is when a cell has more than
the diploid number of chromosomes, it is said to be a polyploid cell. Translocation refers the
interchanging of genetic material between nonhomologous chromosomes.
QUESTION: A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the
twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?
a.
Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair
b.
An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears
c.
High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90
d.
Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness - ANSWER-ANS: B
This child has Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome. These children typically present with
IQs ranging from 25 to 70. The facial appearance is distinctive and exhibits a low nasal bridge,
epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears. Widely spaced nipples and edema of
the newborn's feet are characteristic of Turner syndrome. The high-pitched voice and
gynecomastia are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome.
QUESTION: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a.
Paternal nondisjunction
, Page 4 of 103
b.
Maternal translocations
c.
Maternal nondisjunction
d.
Paternal translocation - ANSWER-ANS: C
Nondisjunction during the formation of one of the parent's gametes or during early embryonic
development occurs in approximately 97% of infants born with Down syndrome. In
approximately 90% to 95% of infants, the nondisjunction occurs in the formation of the
mother's egg cell. Down syndrome is rarely caused by paternal nondisjunction. Robertsonian
translocations are responsible for 3% to 5% of cases of Down syndrome. A high-pitched voice
and gynecomastia are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome.
Q; In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific
set of an individual's somatic cells?
a.
Virus
b.
Bacteria
c.
RNA polymerase
d.
Recombinant DNA - ANSWER-ANS: A
In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into
the individual's cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or
adenoviruses, which have been genetically modified so that they contain the normal human
gene and cannot make copies of themselves (otherwise they could cause a viral infection).
Bacteria, RNA polymerase, and recombinant DNA are not used as vectors in somatic cell gene
therapy.
QUESTION: In DNA replication, what does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
nu 545 unit 7 Test NEWEST ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026-2027 LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR
QUESTION: An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein
is evident?
a.
Cytochrome P-450
b.
Alpha fetoprotein
c.
DNA polymerase
d.
Embryonic proteins - ANSWER-ANS: B
Other disorders can be detected with this procedure. These include most neural tube defects,
which cause an elevation of alpha fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid, and hundreds of diseases
caused by mutations of single genes. Cytochrome P-450 is useful in helping to formulate drug
doses more precisely. DNA polymerase travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct
nucleotides to the free end of the new strand during DNA replication. Embryonic proteins are
not involved in neural tube defects.
QUESTION: Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant with what history?
a.
Have a history of chronic illness
b.
Have a family history of genetic disorders
c.
,Page 2 of 103
Have experienced in vitro fertilization
d.
Had a late menarche - ANSWER-ANS: B
Amniocentesis is recommended only for pregnancies known to have an elevated risk for a
genetic disease or in women older than 30 to 35 years of age because of the slightly higher risk
of fetal loss as compared to the general population. Having a chronic illness, previous in vitro
fertilization, or late menarche are not reasons to have an amniocentesis.
QUESTION: What is the technique for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities at 10 to
12 weeks' gestation?
a.
Gene mapping
b.
Linkage analysis
c.
Amniocentesis
d.
Chorionic villus sampling - ANSWER-ANS: D
Chorionic villus sampling consists of extracting a small amount of villous tissue directly from the
chorion. This procedure can be performed at 10 weeks' gestation and does not require in vitro
culturing of cells; sufficient numbers are directly available in the extracted tissue. Thus the
procedure allows prenatal diagnosis at approximately 3 months' gestation rather than at nearly
4 months' gestation which is generally when amniocentesis is performed. Gene mapping and
linkage analysis are not performed exclusively on women who are 10 weeks' pregnant.
QUESTION: What is the term for an error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
during meiosis or mitosis?
a.
Aneuploidy
b.
,Page 3 of 103
Nondisjunction
c.
Polyploidy
d.
Translocation - ANSWER-ANS: B
Aneuploidy is usually the result of nondisjunction, an error in which homologous chromosomes
or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis. Aneuploidy refers to
cells that do not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes. Polyploidy is when a cell has more than
the diploid number of chromosomes, it is said to be a polyploid cell. Translocation refers the
interchanging of genetic material between nonhomologous chromosomes.
QUESTION: A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the
twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?
a.
Widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair
b.
An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears
c.
High-pitched voice, tall stature, gynecomastia, and an IQ of 60 to 90
d.
Circumoral cyanosis, edema of the feet, short stature, and mental slowness - ANSWER-ANS: B
This child has Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome. These children typically present with
IQs ranging from 25 to 70. The facial appearance is distinctive and exhibits a low nasal bridge,
epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears. Widely spaced nipples and edema of
the newborn's feet are characteristic of Turner syndrome. The high-pitched voice and
gynecomastia are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome.
QUESTION: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a.
Paternal nondisjunction
, Page 4 of 103
b.
Maternal translocations
c.
Maternal nondisjunction
d.
Paternal translocation - ANSWER-ANS: C
Nondisjunction during the formation of one of the parent's gametes or during early embryonic
development occurs in approximately 97% of infants born with Down syndrome. In
approximately 90% to 95% of infants, the nondisjunction occurs in the formation of the
mother's egg cell. Down syndrome is rarely caused by paternal nondisjunction. Robertsonian
translocations are responsible for 3% to 5% of cases of Down syndrome. A high-pitched voice
and gynecomastia are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome.
Q; In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific
set of an individual's somatic cells?
a.
Virus
b.
Bacteria
c.
RNA polymerase
d.
Recombinant DNA - ANSWER-ANS: A
In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into
the individual's cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or
adenoviruses, which have been genetically modified so that they contain the normal human
gene and cannot make copies of themselves (otherwise they could cause a viral infection).
Bacteria, RNA polymerase, and recombinant DNA are not used as vectors in somatic cell gene
therapy.
QUESTION: In DNA replication, what does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
