MGT 390 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
1900-1929 - Answers Command and control - manager had clear authority over everybody, no
empathy/relationship with workers
1930's - Answers trait approach - people began to identify what traits leaders tended to have
1940's - Answers behavioral approach - optimal set of behaviors that leaders engage in, only
one way to do it, still not known today
1950's - Answers shared goals and effectiveness - extension of behavioral approach, we all
have a common goal, leadership effectiveness became more defined
1960's - Answers influence aligned with shared purpose - influence became aligned with power
as the central tenants of leadership
1970's - Answers contingency approach - very situational, lots of if this then this is the right way
to go about that
1980's - Answers "Mayhem"-rise of transformational approach - leaders transform followers into
a collective group to achieve great things - but varies by situation
2000's - Answers Incremental and Rebranding approaches - you have to find an approach that
works for you because differently people lead differently even when using the same methods
Components of leadership - Answers process, influence, groups, common goals
leadership - Answers a process where an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve
a common goal
assigned leadership - Answers person has been given the leadership role to influence others
towards their common goal
emergent leadership - Answers person who has the most influence is the true leader because
they are the ones who influenced others to achieve the goal - associated with communication
skills, personality traits, and gender biased perceptions
french and ravens typology of power (1959) - Answers holding power and leadership are both
about influence - but power isnt necessarily about common goals
reward (f/r) - Answers influence stemming from an individuals ability to give something in return
for achievement, the individual usually has legitimate power
coercive (f/r) - Answers ability of an individual to obtain compliance through fear of punishment
- individual usually has legitimate power
legitimate (f/r) - Answers influence based on an individuals formal position
1900-1929 - Answers Command and control - manager had clear authority over everybody, no
empathy/relationship with workers
1930's - Answers trait approach - people began to identify what traits leaders tended to have
1940's - Answers behavioral approach - optimal set of behaviors that leaders engage in, only
one way to do it, still not known today
1950's - Answers shared goals and effectiveness - extension of behavioral approach, we all
have a common goal, leadership effectiveness became more defined
1960's - Answers influence aligned with shared purpose - influence became aligned with power
as the central tenants of leadership
1970's - Answers contingency approach - very situational, lots of if this then this is the right way
to go about that
1980's - Answers "Mayhem"-rise of transformational approach - leaders transform followers into
a collective group to achieve great things - but varies by situation
2000's - Answers Incremental and Rebranding approaches - you have to find an approach that
works for you because differently people lead differently even when using the same methods
Components of leadership - Answers process, influence, groups, common goals
leadership - Answers a process where an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve
a common goal
assigned leadership - Answers person has been given the leadership role to influence others
towards their common goal
emergent leadership - Answers person who has the most influence is the true leader because
they are the ones who influenced others to achieve the goal - associated with communication
skills, personality traits, and gender biased perceptions
french and ravens typology of power (1959) - Answers holding power and leadership are both
about influence - but power isnt necessarily about common goals
reward (f/r) - Answers influence stemming from an individuals ability to give something in return
for achievement, the individual usually has legitimate power
coercive (f/r) - Answers ability of an individual to obtain compliance through fear of punishment
- individual usually has legitimate power
legitimate (f/r) - Answers influence based on an individuals formal position
