HHD EXAM REVISION | 230 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2025/2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Health Answer - A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health Status Answer - An individual's or populations overall health, taking
into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability levels
and levels of disease risk factors.
Life Expectancy Answer - An indication of how long a person can expect to live,
it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if
death rates do not change.
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy Answer - A measure of burden of disease,
based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in
poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to
live based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Mortality Answer - The number of deaths caused by a particular disease,
illness or environmental factor.
Under Five Mortality Rate Answer - The number of deaths of children under
five years of age per 1000 live births.
,Morbidity Answer - Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill
health in a population or group.
Burden Of Disease Answer - A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries.
Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal
situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Burden of Disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) Answer - A measure of burden of disease -
one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time
lived with illness, disease or injury.
Years of Life Lost (YLL) Answer - The fatal burden of disease of a population,
defined as the years of life lost due to death.
Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) Answer - The non-fatal component of the
disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases
or injuries.
Prevalence Answer - The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease
or condition present in a population at a given time.
Incidence Answer - The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition
during a specific time.
Determinants of health Answer - Physical environment
Biological
Behavioural
Social
,Physical Environment Answer - - Water and air
- Workplaces
- Housing
- Roads
- Nature
- Schools
- Recreation settings
- Exposure to hazards.
Biological Determinants Answer - - Genetics
- Hormones
- Body weight
- Blood pressure
- Cholesterol levels
Behavioural Determinants Answer - - Smoking
- Sexual activity
- Participation in physical activity
- Eating practices
Social Determinants Answer - - Poverty
- Early life experiences
- Social networks
- Support
, Costs: Answer - To the individual and the community:
Direct
Indirect
Intangible.
Direct Costs to the Community Answer - - Cost Of Healthcare Services
- The Cost of Pharmaceuticals
- The Cost of Prevention Strategies
Indirect Costs to the Community Answer - - Unpaid Care
- Reduced or Lost Productivity
- Absenteeism
Intangible Costs to the Community Answer - - Loss of an individual from a
community due to premature death (can result in emotional pain)
Direct Costs to the Individual Answer - - The Cost of Medical Care
- Ambulance
- Pharmaceutical Expenses (co-payment)
- Allied Health Services (Massage)
Indirect Costs to the Individuals Answer - - Travel Costs
- Loss/Partial Loss of Current Earnings (reduced hours at work)
Intangible Costs to the Individual Answer - - Pain and Suffering
- Anxiety and Stress due to reduced productivity
- Loss of Quality of Life
ANSWERS | 2025/2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Health Answer - A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health Status Answer - An individual's or populations overall health, taking
into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability levels
and levels of disease risk factors.
Life Expectancy Answer - An indication of how long a person can expect to live,
it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if
death rates do not change.
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy Answer - A measure of burden of disease,
based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in
poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to
live based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Mortality Answer - The number of deaths caused by a particular disease,
illness or environmental factor.
Under Five Mortality Rate Answer - The number of deaths of children under
five years of age per 1000 live births.
,Morbidity Answer - Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill
health in a population or group.
Burden Of Disease Answer - A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries.
Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal
situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Burden of Disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) Answer - A measure of burden of disease -
one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time
lived with illness, disease or injury.
Years of Life Lost (YLL) Answer - The fatal burden of disease of a population,
defined as the years of life lost due to death.
Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) Answer - The non-fatal component of the
disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases
or injuries.
Prevalence Answer - The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease
or condition present in a population at a given time.
Incidence Answer - The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition
during a specific time.
Determinants of health Answer - Physical environment
Biological
Behavioural
Social
,Physical Environment Answer - - Water and air
- Workplaces
- Housing
- Roads
- Nature
- Schools
- Recreation settings
- Exposure to hazards.
Biological Determinants Answer - - Genetics
- Hormones
- Body weight
- Blood pressure
- Cholesterol levels
Behavioural Determinants Answer - - Smoking
- Sexual activity
- Participation in physical activity
- Eating practices
Social Determinants Answer - - Poverty
- Early life experiences
- Social networks
- Support
, Costs: Answer - To the individual and the community:
Direct
Indirect
Intangible.
Direct Costs to the Community Answer - - Cost Of Healthcare Services
- The Cost of Pharmaceuticals
- The Cost of Prevention Strategies
Indirect Costs to the Community Answer - - Unpaid Care
- Reduced or Lost Productivity
- Absenteeism
Intangible Costs to the Community Answer - - Loss of an individual from a
community due to premature death (can result in emotional pain)
Direct Costs to the Individual Answer - - The Cost of Medical Care
- Ambulance
- Pharmaceutical Expenses (co-payment)
- Allied Health Services (Massage)
Indirect Costs to the Individuals Answer - - Travel Costs
- Loss/Partial Loss of Current Earnings (reduced hours at work)
Intangible Costs to the Individual Answer - - Pain and Suffering
- Anxiety and Stress due to reduced productivity
- Loss of Quality of Life
