Sophia_Intro_to_Sociology_Unit_2_Milestone_2

Sophia_Intro_to_Sociology_Unit_2_Milestone_2 Sophia_Intro_to_Sociology_Unit_2_Milestone_2 The argument that those who challenge the capitalist system will be controlled by the criminal justice system illustrates which of the following theories of crime and deviance? Control theory Differential association theory Conflict theory Labeling theory CONCEPT Conflict Theory and Deviance 2 Which of the following statements about sociobiology is true? Research on behavior supports the argument that genetic programming determines human behavior. It can explain why some cultural patterns are more common, and easier to learn, than others. Societal norms form behaviors regardless of biological influences. CONCEPT Sociobiology 3 Jack and Sherry argue about deviance among the youth of different races. Jack believes that poor AfricanAmerican youth may "act out" in deviant ways because they cannot achieve cultural goals, including wealth and success, by conventional means (e.g., through a college education and a good job). Jack's comments best illustrate which of the following theories of deviance? Differential association theory Strain theory Conflict theory Control theory CONCEPT Strain Theory 4 The mafia is an example of which of the following types of crime? Corporate crime Hate crime Organized crime White collar crime CONCEPT White Collar Crime and Organized Crime 5 Which of the following statements about differential association theory is true? It is a theory stating that the labels which we apply to people determine their behavior. It is a theory that asserts that those who are in power set the rules. It is a theory that claims that a person's social group can determine his or her tendency toward deviance. It is a theory that states that the inability to reach cultural goals legally causes deviance. CONCEPT Differential Association Theory 6 Caitlin is an archaeologist who is writing her dissertation on the Mayan rite of human sacrifice. She travels to Central America and examines Mayan ruins and cultural artifacts. She attempts to make inferences about their cultural worldview and beliefs. By doing do, she hopes to better understand the sacrifice ritual. Caitlin tries to understand the Mayans' __________ by investigating their material culture. technology non-material culture society CONCEPT Culture and Society 7 Which of the following statements is FALSE? Ideal culture consists of the positive cultural images that we have of ourselves. Ideal culture is the culture as it is practiced. Real culture is the culture as it is practiced. CONCEPT Real and Ideal Culture 8 The communist party, feminist political parties, the Tea Party, and the hippies of the 1960s are all examples of which of the following? Multiculturalism Counterculture Monoculture Radical culture CONCEPT Subculture and Counterculture 9 The fundamental basis of our culture is __________, which enables us to communicate shared perspectives about the past, present, and future. mores deviance language sociobiology CONCEPT Symbols and Language 10 At the height of the Roman Empire, criminals were publicly stoned to death. A public display of punishment, including violent execution, is a method of __________ because it provides an example for the rest of society. retribution deterrence retaliation force CONCEPT Justice System and Punishment 11 Which of the following arguments is NOT made by supporters of multiculturalism? It encourages divisiveness and racial separation. None of the answer choices are correct. It encourages understanding of one's cultural heritage. It is a way of accepting society's increasing diversity. CONCEPT Multiculturalism 12 After a series of violent murders, a town in rural Arkansas came together to mourn the loss of the victims. Which of the following functions of deviance does this scenario best illustrate? Deviance unifies society. Deviance defines our collective morality. Deviance promotes social change. Deviance clarifies our cultural values. CONCEPT Functions of Deviance 13 Which of the following is NOT considered to be a crime against the person? Sexual assault A fist fight between two people, leading to injuries and intervention by law enforcement Burglary and vandalism of a convenience store CONCEPT Types of Crime 14 Which of the following statements about the feminist perspective on deviance is true? It states that existing theories of deviance accurately describe female behavior. It states that existing theories of deviance do not account for the behavior of women. It states that female deviance is more important than male deviance. None of the answer choices are correct. CONCEPT Race, Gender and Deviance 15 Tim, a U.S. citizen, visits Spain. He is used to having dinner at 7 PM, but most Spanish people eat later, at 9 or 10 PM. Tim realizes that eating later makes sense in the Spanish culture, so it is not "wrong." Tim uses which of the following perspectives on culture? Culture shock Ethnocentrism Cultural universal Cultural relativism CONCEPT Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism 16 Tracy has a positive view of the legal system, including the criminal justice system. She believes that the laws are good, just, and right. Tracy does not "act out" in deviant ways because of her faith in the system. Tracy illustrates which of the following forces of control identified by Travis Hirschi? Opportunity Attachment Belief Involvement CONCEPT Control Theory 17 Beginning in the 1970s and continuing through the present, an increasing number of deviant acts have been characterized in the U.S. as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than as crimes requiring punishment. This process is called which of the following? Stigmatization of deviance Feminization of deviance Institutionalization of deviance Medicalization of deviance CONCEPT Labeling Theory 18 Society forbids incest — sexual or marital relations between family members. In this example, incest is a __________ — a societal rule so powerful that its violation is punishable by society. folkway taboo more counterculture CONCEPT Norms 19 Which of the following is an example of a community-based correction? Parole Death penalty Retribution Societal protection CONCEPT Societal Protection 20 The nine-month school year was developed in the 19th century to coincide with the farming calendar. Although most Americans no longer live or work on farms, most school systems continue to use the nine-month calendar. This is an example of __________. cultural integration ideal culture subculture cultural lag CONCEPT Cultural Change and Integration 21 Which of the following was NOT a core American value identified by Robin Williams Jr.? Technology and progress Religion and faith Practicality and efficiency Racism and group superiority CONCEPT Values and Beliefs 22 Which of the following terms refers to the production of goods using machinery powered by energy sources (e.g., steam and electricity)? Post-industrialism Industry Agriculture Hunting and gathering