1|Page
CLEP American Government Ultimate Exam 2026 |
Actual Exam with Complete Questions and Answers |
College Level Examination Program | College Board
Standardized Assessment||Latest Exam!!!
determind that Bill of Rights applied to the Fed govt and
did not bind state govts, confirmed dual citizenship
(citizens of both fed govt and state they reside in) -
Answer-Barron v Baltimore, 1833
practiced in US, system of govt that divides govt
responsibilities between state and fed govts - Answer-
federalism
implies that the powers of the central and state govts are
separate but overlapping - Answer-layer-cake federalism
idea that national and state govts are sovereign in their
own distinct spheres, clear distinctions between govts -
Answer-dual federalism
,2|Page
also known as marble-cake federalism, emphasizes
responsibilities of state govts and the fed govt overlap,
shared responsibilities - Answer-cooperative federalism
Article 1, Sec 2, fed courts use to enhance power of
national govt, Congress has power to regulate commerce
that takes place between States - Answer-commerce
clause
14th Amendment, strike down segregationist laws -
Answer-equal protection clause
segregation as a matter of law - Answer-de jure
segregation
segregation resulting from the fact that people of different
colors lived in different areas and therefore went to
different schools - Answer-de facto segregation
grants to fund specific projects - Answer-categorical grants
federal grants with fewer strings attached, states prefer
these to categorical grants - Answer-block grants
,3|Page
fed govt instructs a state to meet certain requirements
without providing funding, for example the Real ID Act of
2005 - Answer-unfunded mandate
shifting of power - Answer-devolution
Constitution, federal court system - Answer-Article III
presidential appointee within the Justice Dept who argues
on the government's behalf - Answer-solicitor general
first step in a case being heard by the Supreme Court,
calls for lower court to send records related to the case -
Answer-writ of certiorari
the case is sent back to a lower court for retrial - Answer-
remanded
an unsigned opinion - Answer-opinion per curiam
, 4|Page
justices agree with their decision but for reasons different
from those stated in the majority opinion - Answer-
concurring opinion
Supreme Court decisions, public record - Answer-United
States Report
under the Supreme Court, have general jurisdiction (over
varied topics), trial courts related to federal govt or law,
each state has at least 1 - Answer-US district courts
appellate court, appeal made after US district court
decision - Answer-US court of appeals
submitted by interest groups, "friend of the court" briefs
persuade the court that it should decide a case a certain
way - Answer-amicus curiae briefs
a court that grants the federal govt the power to place
surveillance on suspected spies, initiated by FISA Act
(Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978) - Answer-
FISA court
CLEP American Government Ultimate Exam 2026 |
Actual Exam with Complete Questions and Answers |
College Level Examination Program | College Board
Standardized Assessment||Latest Exam!!!
determind that Bill of Rights applied to the Fed govt and
did not bind state govts, confirmed dual citizenship
(citizens of both fed govt and state they reside in) -
Answer-Barron v Baltimore, 1833
practiced in US, system of govt that divides govt
responsibilities between state and fed govts - Answer-
federalism
implies that the powers of the central and state govts are
separate but overlapping - Answer-layer-cake federalism
idea that national and state govts are sovereign in their
own distinct spheres, clear distinctions between govts -
Answer-dual federalism
,2|Page
also known as marble-cake federalism, emphasizes
responsibilities of state govts and the fed govt overlap,
shared responsibilities - Answer-cooperative federalism
Article 1, Sec 2, fed courts use to enhance power of
national govt, Congress has power to regulate commerce
that takes place between States - Answer-commerce
clause
14th Amendment, strike down segregationist laws -
Answer-equal protection clause
segregation as a matter of law - Answer-de jure
segregation
segregation resulting from the fact that people of different
colors lived in different areas and therefore went to
different schools - Answer-de facto segregation
grants to fund specific projects - Answer-categorical grants
federal grants with fewer strings attached, states prefer
these to categorical grants - Answer-block grants
,3|Page
fed govt instructs a state to meet certain requirements
without providing funding, for example the Real ID Act of
2005 - Answer-unfunded mandate
shifting of power - Answer-devolution
Constitution, federal court system - Answer-Article III
presidential appointee within the Justice Dept who argues
on the government's behalf - Answer-solicitor general
first step in a case being heard by the Supreme Court,
calls for lower court to send records related to the case -
Answer-writ of certiorari
the case is sent back to a lower court for retrial - Answer-
remanded
an unsigned opinion - Answer-opinion per curiam
, 4|Page
justices agree with their decision but for reasons different
from those stated in the majority opinion - Answer-
concurring opinion
Supreme Court decisions, public record - Answer-United
States Report
under the Supreme Court, have general jurisdiction (over
varied topics), trial courts related to federal govt or law,
each state has at least 1 - Answer-US district courts
appellate court, appeal made after US district court
decision - Answer-US court of appeals
submitted by interest groups, "friend of the court" briefs
persuade the court that it should decide a case a certain
way - Answer-amicus curiae briefs
a court that grants the federal govt the power to place
surveillance on suspected spies, initiated by FISA Act
(Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978) - Answer-
FISA court
