1|Page
NURS 5354 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETELY UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION |
VERIFIED QUESTIONS & 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GUARANTEED A+ PERFORMANCE
I. Advanced Pathophysiology (Q1–10)
1. Which cellular process is responsible for programmed cell death that helps
maintain tissue homeostasis?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Inflammation
D. Phagocytosis
- ANSWER: B. Apoptosis
2. Which compensatory mechanism occurs during early hypoxia at the tissue
level?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output
C. Decreased red blood cell production
D. Decreased respiratory rate
- ANSWER: B. Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output
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3. Which genetic alteration involves a substitution of one nucleotide base for
another?
A. Frameshift mutation
B. Point mutation
C. Deletion mutation
D. Chromosomal translocation
- ANSWER: B. Point mutation
4. In chronic inflammation, which cell type is most dominant in tissue
infiltration?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Lymphocytes and macrophages
D. Basophils
- ANSWER: C. Lymphocytes and macrophages
5. A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to develop which
symptom?
A. Jugular vein distension
B. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
C. Peripheral edema
D. Hepatomegaly
- ANSWER: B. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
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6. Which hormone is increased in response to decreased renal perfusion?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. ADH
D. Renin
- ANSWER: D. Renin
7. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
antibodies and leads to complement activation?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
- ANSWER: B. Type II
8. In Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the primary pathophysiologic mechanism is:
A. Beta cell destruction
B. Insulin resistance at the receptor level
C. Autoimmune attack
D. Absence of glucagon
- ANSWER: B. Insulin resistance at the receptor level
, 4|Page
9. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with chronic renal
failure?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
- ANSWER: B. Hyperkalemia
10. Which arterial blood gas finding indicates metabolic alkalosis?
A. pH 7.52, HCO₃⁻ 32, PaCO₂ 42
B. pH 7.30, HCO₃⁻ 18
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 30
D. pH 7.10, PaCO₂ 60
- ANSWER: A. pH 7.52, HCO₃⁻ 32, PaCO₂ 42
💊 II. Advanced Pharmacology (Q11–20)
11. Which term describes the process by which a drug moves from the site of
administration into the bloodstream?
NURS 5354 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETELY UPDATED 2025–2026 EDITION |
VERIFIED QUESTIONS & 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS | GUARANTEED A+ PERFORMANCE
I. Advanced Pathophysiology (Q1–10)
1. Which cellular process is responsible for programmed cell death that helps
maintain tissue homeostasis?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Inflammation
D. Phagocytosis
- ANSWER: B. Apoptosis
2. Which compensatory mechanism occurs during early hypoxia at the tissue
level?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output
C. Decreased red blood cell production
D. Decreased respiratory rate
- ANSWER: B. Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output
,2|Page
3. Which genetic alteration involves a substitution of one nucleotide base for
another?
A. Frameshift mutation
B. Point mutation
C. Deletion mutation
D. Chromosomal translocation
- ANSWER: B. Point mutation
4. In chronic inflammation, which cell type is most dominant in tissue
infiltration?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Lymphocytes and macrophages
D. Basophils
- ANSWER: C. Lymphocytes and macrophages
5. A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to develop which
symptom?
A. Jugular vein distension
B. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
C. Peripheral edema
D. Hepatomegaly
- ANSWER: B. Pulmonary congestion and dyspnea
,3|Page
6. Which hormone is increased in response to decreased renal perfusion?
A. Insulin
B. Aldosterone
C. ADH
D. Renin
- ANSWER: D. Renin
7. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
antibodies and leads to complement activation?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
- ANSWER: B. Type II
8. In Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the primary pathophysiologic mechanism is:
A. Beta cell destruction
B. Insulin resistance at the receptor level
C. Autoimmune attack
D. Absence of glucagon
- ANSWER: B. Insulin resistance at the receptor level
, 4|Page
9. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with chronic renal
failure?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
- ANSWER: B. Hyperkalemia
10. Which arterial blood gas finding indicates metabolic alkalosis?
A. pH 7.52, HCO₃⁻ 32, PaCO₂ 42
B. pH 7.30, HCO₃⁻ 18
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 30
D. pH 7.10, PaCO₂ 60
- ANSWER: A. pH 7.52, HCO₃⁻ 32, PaCO₂ 42
💊 II. Advanced Pharmacology (Q11–20)
11. Which term describes the process by which a drug moves from the site of
administration into the bloodstream?
