NDFS 100 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Roles of nutrients in the body - Answers Provide energy, structure, and regulation
Ways nutrition affects health - Answers Reduces risk for disease
6 major nutrients - Answers Carbs, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Role of carbohydrates - Answers Provide energy
Role of protein - Answers Build and repair tissue, energy
Role of fat - Answers Store energy, cell membranes, etc.
Role of vitamins - Answers regulate body processes, no energy
Role of minerals - Answers Regulate body process, no energy
Role of water - Answers Body temperature regulation, transport, etc. No energy
Energy providing nutrients - Answers Carbs, fats, proteins, (and alcohol)
Carbohydrate calorie value - Answers 4 cal/gram
Fat calorie value - Answers 9 cal/gram
Protein calorie value - Answers 4 cal/gram
Alcohol calorie value - Answers 7 cal/gram
Steps of the scientific method - Answers Observation, hypothesis, test/collect data, interpret
data, make conclusion
Study methods - Answers Observational study: no intervention
Intervention study: researcher does something to the group
Important conversion equivalents to know - Answers 1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 mg = 1000 micrograms
1 tsp = 5 mL
1 lb = 16 oz
1 oz = 28 g
Elements of healthy eating - Answers Variety
Moderation
, Proportionality balance (eat foods in right portions and match E intake w/ E expenditure
Nutrient density (more nutrients in proportion to calories)
Purpose of dietary guidelines for Americans (DGA) - Answers help maintain healthy weight,
prevent chronic illness, prevent deficiency
Nutrient Density - Answers Nutrients in food in proportion to calories
Energy density - Answers Energy in food in proportion to weight of the food
MyPlate Food Groups - Answers Vegetables, fruits, grains, protein milk
Vegetables in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, vit A + C, fiber, folate, potassium
Key message: vary your veggies
Cup equivalents : 1 c raw/cooked, 1 c legume, 1 c juice, 2 c leafy green
Fruits in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: Vit A + C, potassium, fiber
Key message: whole fruit > juice
Cup equivalents: 1 c fresh/frozen/canned, 1/2 c dried, 1 c juice
Grains in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, B vits, iron, Mg, fiber
Key message: make half your grains whole
Ounce equivalents: 1 slice bread, 1/2 c cooked rice/pasta, 1 oz dry pasta/rice, 3 c popcorn
Milk in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, protein, Ca, B12, phos, riboflavin
Key message: Make low-fat dairy choices
Cup equivalents: 1 c milk/yogurt, 1 1/2 oz natural cheese, 1 oz processed cheese
DRI - Answers Dietary reference intake
RDA - Answers Recommended dietary allowance (recommended intake)
AI - Answers Adequate intake (recommended intake)
UL - Answers Upper intake level (risk of toxicity if above UL)
EER - Answers estimated energy requirement (avg based on individual stats)
AMDR - Answers Acceptable macro distribution rangers (per day)
45-65% cal from carbs
Roles of nutrients in the body - Answers Provide energy, structure, and regulation
Ways nutrition affects health - Answers Reduces risk for disease
6 major nutrients - Answers Carbs, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Role of carbohydrates - Answers Provide energy
Role of protein - Answers Build and repair tissue, energy
Role of fat - Answers Store energy, cell membranes, etc.
Role of vitamins - Answers regulate body processes, no energy
Role of minerals - Answers Regulate body process, no energy
Role of water - Answers Body temperature regulation, transport, etc. No energy
Energy providing nutrients - Answers Carbs, fats, proteins, (and alcohol)
Carbohydrate calorie value - Answers 4 cal/gram
Fat calorie value - Answers 9 cal/gram
Protein calorie value - Answers 4 cal/gram
Alcohol calorie value - Answers 7 cal/gram
Steps of the scientific method - Answers Observation, hypothesis, test/collect data, interpret
data, make conclusion
Study methods - Answers Observational study: no intervention
Intervention study: researcher does something to the group
Important conversion equivalents to know - Answers 1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 mg = 1000 micrograms
1 tsp = 5 mL
1 lb = 16 oz
1 oz = 28 g
Elements of healthy eating - Answers Variety
Moderation
, Proportionality balance (eat foods in right portions and match E intake w/ E expenditure
Nutrient density (more nutrients in proportion to calories)
Purpose of dietary guidelines for Americans (DGA) - Answers help maintain healthy weight,
prevent chronic illness, prevent deficiency
Nutrient Density - Answers Nutrients in food in proportion to calories
Energy density - Answers Energy in food in proportion to weight of the food
MyPlate Food Groups - Answers Vegetables, fruits, grains, protein milk
Vegetables in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, vit A + C, fiber, folate, potassium
Key message: vary your veggies
Cup equivalents : 1 c raw/cooked, 1 c legume, 1 c juice, 2 c leafy green
Fruits in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: Vit A + C, potassium, fiber
Key message: whole fruit > juice
Cup equivalents: 1 c fresh/frozen/canned, 1/2 c dried, 1 c juice
Grains in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, B vits, iron, Mg, fiber
Key message: make half your grains whole
Ounce equivalents: 1 slice bread, 1/2 c cooked rice/pasta, 1 oz dry pasta/rice, 3 c popcorn
Milk in MyPlate - Answers Nutrients: carb, protein, Ca, B12, phos, riboflavin
Key message: Make low-fat dairy choices
Cup equivalents: 1 c milk/yogurt, 1 1/2 oz natural cheese, 1 oz processed cheese
DRI - Answers Dietary reference intake
RDA - Answers Recommended dietary allowance (recommended intake)
AI - Answers Adequate intake (recommended intake)
UL - Answers Upper intake level (risk of toxicity if above UL)
EER - Answers estimated energy requirement (avg based on individual stats)
AMDR - Answers Acceptable macro distribution rangers (per day)
45-65% cal from carbs
