BYU NDFS 100 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Atherosclerosis - Answers the most common form of cardiovascular disease; characterized by
plaques along the inner walls of the arteries/hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis often
means the same thing)
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis - Answers -increasing age (can't change as a risk factor)
-males (can't change as a risk factor)
-genetic inheritance (can't change as a risk factor)
-high blood LDL cholesterol
-low blood HDL cholesterol
-diabetes
-obesity
-physical inactivity
-cigarette smoking
-a diet high in saturated fats and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
reduce Risk for Atherosclerosis - Answers -increase physical activity
-lose weight (if necessary)
-diet: reduce saturated and trans fatty acids→ lowers blood LDL
-reduce exposure to tobacco smoke either by quitting smoking or by avoiding secondhand
smoke. (If such lifestyle changes fail to lower LDL or blood pressure to acceptable levels, then
medications are prescribed.
Standard Lipid for
Total Cholesterol - Answers <200
Standard Lipid for
LDL Cholesterol - Answers <100
Standard Lipid for HDL Cholesterol (good stuff) - Answers >60
Total Lipid for Triglycerides (fasting) - Answers <150
Hypertension - Answers higher than normal blood pressure (chronic high blood pressure)
, Hypertension
Risk Factors - Answers -age
-genetics
-obesity
-salt intake
-alcohol
-dietary factors
Hypertension
Reduce Risk - Answers -weight reduction
-DASH eating plan
-sodium restriction
-physical activity
-moderate alcohol consumption
-consume adequate amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin C
DASH Diet - Answers (Reduces risk of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension)
-High Fruits and Veggies ( 5-9 cups a day)
-Eat food high in Omega 3s,
-Reduce Sodium
-Increased Physical Activity (1 hr. twice daily)
How Cancer Forms - Answers Exposure to carcinogen
entry of the carcinogen into a cell
initiation of cancer as the carcinogen damages or changes the cell's genetic material
Atherosclerosis - Answers the most common form of cardiovascular disease; characterized by
plaques along the inner walls of the arteries/hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis often
means the same thing)
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis - Answers -increasing age (can't change as a risk factor)
-males (can't change as a risk factor)
-genetic inheritance (can't change as a risk factor)
-high blood LDL cholesterol
-low blood HDL cholesterol
-diabetes
-obesity
-physical inactivity
-cigarette smoking
-a diet high in saturated fats and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
reduce Risk for Atherosclerosis - Answers -increase physical activity
-lose weight (if necessary)
-diet: reduce saturated and trans fatty acids→ lowers blood LDL
-reduce exposure to tobacco smoke either by quitting smoking or by avoiding secondhand
smoke. (If such lifestyle changes fail to lower LDL or blood pressure to acceptable levels, then
medications are prescribed.
Standard Lipid for
Total Cholesterol - Answers <200
Standard Lipid for
LDL Cholesterol - Answers <100
Standard Lipid for HDL Cholesterol (good stuff) - Answers >60
Total Lipid for Triglycerides (fasting) - Answers <150
Hypertension - Answers higher than normal blood pressure (chronic high blood pressure)
, Hypertension
Risk Factors - Answers -age
-genetics
-obesity
-salt intake
-alcohol
-dietary factors
Hypertension
Reduce Risk - Answers -weight reduction
-DASH eating plan
-sodium restriction
-physical activity
-moderate alcohol consumption
-consume adequate amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin C
DASH Diet - Answers (Reduces risk of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension)
-High Fruits and Veggies ( 5-9 cups a day)
-Eat food high in Omega 3s,
-Reduce Sodium
-Increased Physical Activity (1 hr. twice daily)
How Cancer Forms - Answers Exposure to carcinogen
entry of the carcinogen into a cell
initiation of cancer as the carcinogen damages or changes the cell's genetic material
