BSC 1010 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025-2026
Put the stepsJof the processJof signal transduction in the order they occur:
1. AJconformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. AJsignal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released. CORRECT ANSWER 3,1,5,2,4
Integrins are integral membrane proteins. They are often attached to . - correctJanswer-
cytoskeletal proteins and proteins in the extracellular matrix
Phosphorylation cascade involvingJa series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction beca
useJthey . CORRECT ANSWER amplify the original signal many times
The receptors doe steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of on the membrane surface like mos
t other signal receptors. This is NOT a problem for steroids because . CORRECT
ANSWER
steroid hormones are lipid soluble, so they can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer on theJcell membran
e.
Which stateerningJhow the molecular composition of a plant cell wall compare with the extracellular matrix
of animal cells? CORRECT ANSWER
Plant cell wall fibers consist primarily of carbohydrates ECM fibers are dominated by proteins.
The structure that anchors adjacent epithelial cells via their cytoskeleton is the CORRECT
ANSWER desmosome
Activated signal receptors on the plasma membrane can carry out which two activities? CORRECT
ANSWER Catalyze receptor phosphorylation; activate G proteins
, DifferentJcell types can respond differently to the same signalingJmolecule because .
CORRECT ANSWER each cell type converts the signal to a different metabolite.
When a lipid- soluble hormone enters a cell and binds a receptor, what happens to the receptor?
CORRECT ANSWER It enters the nucleus and activates genes.
J
Signaling pathways always work in completeJisolation from one another. CORRECT ANSWER False
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of . - correctJanswer-DNA and proteins
Forms of the Ras protein found in tumorsJwould cause which of the following? CORRECT
ANSWER DNA replication to be hyperactive.
The mitotic spindle is a micro tubular structure that is involved in . CORRECT
ANSWER separation of sister chromatids.
WhatJis the structure of mitosis promotingJfactor (mpf)? -Jcorrect answer-A cyclin protein bound toJa cyclin-
dependent kinase.
Which of the followingJwould be used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors?
CORRECT ANSWER The ability to invade other tissues
Most cancer cells have defects in either growth signalingJpathwaysJor cell cycle control processes.
CORRECT ANSWER True
What is the spindle apparatus? -Jcorrect answer-The microtubule structure that separates chromosomes
The process of cytokinesisJoccurs differently in plants and animals. CORRECT ANSWER True
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and that show fluctuations in concentration duri
ng the cell cycle are called . CORRECT ANSWER cyclins
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
2025-2026
Put the stepsJof the processJof signal transduction in the order they occur:
1. AJconformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. AJsignal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released. CORRECT ANSWER 3,1,5,2,4
Integrins are integral membrane proteins. They are often attached to . - correctJanswer-
cytoskeletal proteins and proteins in the extracellular matrix
Phosphorylation cascade involvingJa series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction beca
useJthey . CORRECT ANSWER amplify the original signal many times
The receptors doe steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of on the membrane surface like mos
t other signal receptors. This is NOT a problem for steroids because . CORRECT
ANSWER
steroid hormones are lipid soluble, so they can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer on theJcell membran
e.
Which stateerningJhow the molecular composition of a plant cell wall compare with the extracellular matrix
of animal cells? CORRECT ANSWER
Plant cell wall fibers consist primarily of carbohydrates ECM fibers are dominated by proteins.
The structure that anchors adjacent epithelial cells via their cytoskeleton is the CORRECT
ANSWER desmosome
Activated signal receptors on the plasma membrane can carry out which two activities? CORRECT
ANSWER Catalyze receptor phosphorylation; activate G proteins
, DifferentJcell types can respond differently to the same signalingJmolecule because .
CORRECT ANSWER each cell type converts the signal to a different metabolite.
When a lipid- soluble hormone enters a cell and binds a receptor, what happens to the receptor?
CORRECT ANSWER It enters the nucleus and activates genes.
J
Signaling pathways always work in completeJisolation from one another. CORRECT ANSWER False
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of . - correctJanswer-DNA and proteins
Forms of the Ras protein found in tumorsJwould cause which of the following? CORRECT
ANSWER DNA replication to be hyperactive.
The mitotic spindle is a micro tubular structure that is involved in . CORRECT
ANSWER separation of sister chromatids.
WhatJis the structure of mitosis promotingJfactor (mpf)? -Jcorrect answer-A cyclin protein bound toJa cyclin-
dependent kinase.
Which of the followingJwould be used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors?
CORRECT ANSWER The ability to invade other tissues
Most cancer cells have defects in either growth signalingJpathwaysJor cell cycle control processes.
CORRECT ANSWER True
What is the spindle apparatus? -Jcorrect answer-The microtubule structure that separates chromosomes
The process of cytokinesisJoccurs differently in plants and animals. CORRECT ANSWER True
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and that show fluctuations in concentration duri
ng the cell cycle are called . CORRECT ANSWER cyclins
