Summary Molecular Biology – Detailed Graduate-Level ( Shorts Notes )

Molecular Biology – Detailed
Graduate-Level

, Molecular Biology – Detailed Graduate-Level
( Shorts Notes )

Unit 1: DNA Structure & Replication


1. DNA Structure

1. Double helix (Watson & Crick model) DNA Replication 1.1d
2. Nucleotides: Base (A,T,G,C), Sugar (Deoxyribose), Phosphate
3. Complementary base pairing: A-T, G-C
4. Major & minor grooves
5. Supercoiling and chromatin organization

2. DNA Replication

1. Semi-conservative model (Meselson & Stahl experiment)
2. Key enzymes:

 Helicase – unwinds DNA
 Primase – RNA primer synthesis
 DNA polymerase – chain elongation
 Ligase – joins Okazaki fragments
 Topoisomerase – relieves supercoiling

3. Replication fork: Leading & lagging strand synthesis
4. Origin of replication in prokaryotes & eukaryotes

3. Lab Techniques Related:

1. DNA isolation & quantification
2. Gel electrophoresis for DNA analysis




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