ZOOL 2403 EXAM 2 DR. BOROS TTU QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2025/2026
Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - Answers axons; cell bodies
ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - Answers motor; sensory
white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - Answers axons; cell bodies
Spinal Meninges (three layers) - Answers dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Spinal Meninges functions - Answers protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and
nurtrients
where is CSF - Answers in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
CSF provides spinal cord with: - Answers physical and chemical protection
As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter - Answers less
conus medullaris - Answers caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
cauda equina - Answers spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only contains axons; PNS
divisions of spinal cord (CNS) - Answers gray matter and white matter
Gray Matter - Answers composed of neuron cell bodies
dorsal gray matter - Answers cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and sum signals from PNS
sensory neurons
ventral gray matter - Answers cell bodies of motor neurons receive and sum signals from brain
motor neurons
white matter - Answers contains ascending and descending fiber (AXON) pathways
ascending pathways - Answers relays sensory info from spinal cord to brain
descending pathways - Answers relays motor info from brain to spinal cord
spinal nerve divisions - Answers dorsal root and ventral root
dorsal root - Answers contains axons
cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
ventral root - Answers contains axons
, cell bodies are in spinal cord
carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
spinal nerves travel through ____ - Answers intervertebral foramen
spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ - Answers connective tissue wrappings
epineurium - Answers outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve; dense irregular CT
perineurium - Answers wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
endoneurium - Answers surround Shwann cell; loose CT
lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected - Answers sensory and motor
lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected - Answers sensory
lesion of ventral root= ___ axons affected - Answers motor
intercostal nerves innervate: - Answers muscles of trunk
skin of trunk
spinal nerve plexus innervates - Answers muscles of neck and limbs
skin of neck and limbs
cervical plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of neck
brachial plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of pectoral girdle and upper limbs
lumbrosacral plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of pelvic girdle and lower limbs
musculocutaneous nerve innervation - Answers muscles of all anterior forearm--flexor
skin of anterior forearm
median nerve innervates - Answers most muscles of anterior forearm--flexor
skin of hand
ulnar nerve innervates - Answers most muscles of hand
skin of hand
radial nerve innervates - Answers all muscles of posterior arm and forearm--extensor
skin of posterior hand, arm and forearm
2025/2026
Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - Answers axons; cell bodies
ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - Answers motor; sensory
white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - Answers axons; cell bodies
Spinal Meninges (three layers) - Answers dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Spinal Meninges functions - Answers protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and
nurtrients
where is CSF - Answers in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
CSF provides spinal cord with: - Answers physical and chemical protection
As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter - Answers less
conus medullaris - Answers caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
cauda equina - Answers spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only contains axons; PNS
divisions of spinal cord (CNS) - Answers gray matter and white matter
Gray Matter - Answers composed of neuron cell bodies
dorsal gray matter - Answers cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and sum signals from PNS
sensory neurons
ventral gray matter - Answers cell bodies of motor neurons receive and sum signals from brain
motor neurons
white matter - Answers contains ascending and descending fiber (AXON) pathways
ascending pathways - Answers relays sensory info from spinal cord to brain
descending pathways - Answers relays motor info from brain to spinal cord
spinal nerve divisions - Answers dorsal root and ventral root
dorsal root - Answers contains axons
cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
ventral root - Answers contains axons
, cell bodies are in spinal cord
carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
spinal nerves travel through ____ - Answers intervertebral foramen
spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ - Answers connective tissue wrappings
epineurium - Answers outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve; dense irregular CT
perineurium - Answers wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
endoneurium - Answers surround Shwann cell; loose CT
lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected - Answers sensory and motor
lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected - Answers sensory
lesion of ventral root= ___ axons affected - Answers motor
intercostal nerves innervate: - Answers muscles of trunk
skin of trunk
spinal nerve plexus innervates - Answers muscles of neck and limbs
skin of neck and limbs
cervical plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of neck
brachial plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of pectoral girdle and upper limbs
lumbrosacral plexus innervates - Answers muscles and skin of pelvic girdle and lower limbs
musculocutaneous nerve innervation - Answers muscles of all anterior forearm--flexor
skin of anterior forearm
median nerve innervates - Answers most muscles of anterior forearm--flexor
skin of hand
ulnar nerve innervates - Answers most muscles of hand
skin of hand
radial nerve innervates - Answers all muscles of posterior arm and forearm--extensor
skin of posterior hand, arm and forearm
