NU 578 Exam 5 | Questions and Answers
| 2025 Update | 100% Correct – USA
ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+|
REVIEW 2025/2026
Pathophysiology & Disease Processes
Q1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with ventricular
arrhythmias?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium can lead to cardiac excitability changes, including
arrhythmias.
Q2. A patient with chronic kidney disease is at highest risk for:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia
,C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: CKD reduces renal potassium excretion, leading to elevated serum
potassium.
Q3. In heart failure, the primary compensatory mechanism that maintains cardiac
output initially is:
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Activation of RAAS
C) Decreased contractility
D) Vasodilation
Answer: B) Activation of RAAS
Rationale: RAAS activation increases blood volume and vascular resistance to
maintain perfusion.
Q4. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lab findings typically include:
A) Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
B) Hypoglycemia, metabolic alkalosis
C) Hypernatremia, respiratory alkalosis
D) Hypokalemia, hypovolemia
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
Rationale: DKA results from insulin deficiency leading to lipolysis, ketone
accumulation, and acid-base imbalance.
Q5. Which lab value indicates liver dysfunction?
A) ALT and AST elevated
B) Creatinine elevated
, C) BUN decreased
D) Potassium decreased
Answer: A) ALT and AST elevated
Rationale: ALT and AST are liver enzymes; elevation suggests hepatocellular injury.
Q6. A patient with hyperthyroidism is most likely to present with:
A) Bradycardia and weight gain
B) Tachycardia and heat intolerance
C) Cold intolerance and constipation
D) Hypotension and lethargy
Answer: B) Tachycardia and heat intolerance
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic rate and sympathetic activity.
Q7. The hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is:
A) Hematuria
B) Proteinuria
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Polycythemia
Answer: B) Proteinuria
Rationale: Loss of protein in urine (>3.5 g/day) leads to hypoalbuminemia and
edema.
Q8. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with:
A) Bradycardia and hypotension
B) Sudden dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain
C) Chronic cough with green sputum
D) Gradual weight gain
| 2025 Update | 100% Correct – USA
ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+|
REVIEW 2025/2026
Pathophysiology & Disease Processes
Q1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with ventricular
arrhythmias?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium can lead to cardiac excitability changes, including
arrhythmias.
Q2. A patient with chronic kidney disease is at highest risk for:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia
,C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: CKD reduces renal potassium excretion, leading to elevated serum
potassium.
Q3. In heart failure, the primary compensatory mechanism that maintains cardiac
output initially is:
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Activation of RAAS
C) Decreased contractility
D) Vasodilation
Answer: B) Activation of RAAS
Rationale: RAAS activation increases blood volume and vascular resistance to
maintain perfusion.
Q4. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lab findings typically include:
A) Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
B) Hypoglycemia, metabolic alkalosis
C) Hypernatremia, respiratory alkalosis
D) Hypokalemia, hypovolemia
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
Rationale: DKA results from insulin deficiency leading to lipolysis, ketone
accumulation, and acid-base imbalance.
Q5. Which lab value indicates liver dysfunction?
A) ALT and AST elevated
B) Creatinine elevated
, C) BUN decreased
D) Potassium decreased
Answer: A) ALT and AST elevated
Rationale: ALT and AST are liver enzymes; elevation suggests hepatocellular injury.
Q6. A patient with hyperthyroidism is most likely to present with:
A) Bradycardia and weight gain
B) Tachycardia and heat intolerance
C) Cold intolerance and constipation
D) Hypotension and lethargy
Answer: B) Tachycardia and heat intolerance
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic rate and sympathetic activity.
Q7. The hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is:
A) Hematuria
B) Proteinuria
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Polycythemia
Answer: B) Proteinuria
Rationale: Loss of protein in urine (>3.5 g/day) leads to hypoalbuminemia and
edema.
Q8. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with:
A) Bradycardia and hypotension
B) Sudden dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain
C) Chronic cough with green sputum
D) Gradual weight gain
